ArticleMalaria journal2024
The status of insecticide resistance of Anopheles coluzzii on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, after 20 years of malaria vector control.
Article in Malaria journal, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Host preference and resting behavior of Anopheles coluzzii (Diptera: Culicidae) on the island of São Tomé, West Africa.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Article
- An investigation of malaria vector populations in Turkana, Kenya to understand the potential impact of insecticide-treated nets.npj entomology · 2026Article
- What is the potential impact of insecticide treated nets in a semi-arid region of northern Kenya? An investigation of vector populations prior to ITN roll-out in Turkana, Kenya.Research square · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundInsecticide-based malaria vector control has been implemented on the islands of São Tomé and Príncipe (STP) for more than 20 years. During this period malaria incidence was significantly reduced to pre-elimination levels. While cases remained low since 2015, these have significantly increased in the last year, challenging the commitment of the country to achieve malaria elimination by 2025. To better understand the reasons for increasing malaria cases, levels and underlying mechanisms of insecticide resistance in the local Anopheles coluzzii populations were characterized.
methodsMosquito larval collections were performed in the rainy and dry seasons, between 2022 and 2024, in two localities of São Tomé and one locality in Príncipe. Susceptibility to permethrin, α-cypermethrin, pirimiphos-methyl and DDT was assessed using WHO bioassays and protocols. Intensity of resistance and reversal by PBO pre-exposure were determined for pyrethroid insecticides. The kdr locus was genotyped by PCR assays in subsamples of the mosquitoes tested.
resultsAnopheles coluzzii populations were fully susceptible to pirimiphos-methyl, but high levels of resistance to pyrethroids and DDT were detected, particularly in São Tomé rainy season collections. Increasing the pyrethroid and DDT dosages to 5
conclusionsFuture vector control interventions should consider the use of non-pyrethroid insecticides or combination with synergists to overcome the high levels of pyrethroid resistance. Alternative control methods not dependent on the use of insecticides should be additionally implemented to achieve malaria elimination in STP.
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