ArticleVirchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology2025
Prognosis and tumor microenvironment in pseudohypoxic pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.
Article in Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Immunological Features of Neuroendocrine Neoplasms and Adrenal Tumors.Cancer medicine · 2026Review
- [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Brain metastatic paraganglioma from liver: a case report and review of the literature.Journal of medical case reports · 2026Review
- From Tissue Architecture To Genetic Signature: Artificial intelligence-based Analysis of Reticulin Framework and Clinical Variables Predicts Molecular Cluster in Paragangliomas.Endocrine pathology · 2026Article
- Identification of prognostic signatures in pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas based on mitochondrial autophagy and ferroptosis in TCGA and GEO datasets.Discover oncology · 2026Article
- Adrenal tumor microenvironment: hormone-immune crosstalk, molecular heterogeneity, and immunotherapeutic opportunities.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Urologists and pathologists in prostate cancer screening.Virchows Archiv : an international journal of pathology · 2025Article
- TCA cycle-derived oncometabolites in cancer and the immune microenvironment.Journal of biomedical science · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL) are rare tumors that occur in the adrenal medulla and extra-adrenal tissues, respectively. The prognosis and tumor microenvironment (TME) of pseudohypoxic PPGL as a major entity have not been fully described. Based on the clinical database of 65 patients with PPGL, we assessed the morphological features as well as the immunohistochemistry of pseudohypoxia-related proteins (SDHB and CAIX) and TME-related immune cell markers. Furthermore, we compared the relapse-free survival (RFS) rates in localized patients between the pathological subgroups. Among 50 available specimens, 84% and 30% of the cases exhibited at least one morphological adverse feature including vascular/capsular invasion and a Ki-67 index > 3%, respectively. The SDHB and CAIX positivity rates were 81% and 51%. Concerning the immune cell markers, the CD163-positive cell numbers were higher in hypoxia-associated PPGL composed of SDHB-negative or CAIX-positive cases than in non-hypoxia PPGL (median 66 vs. 23/mm
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