Observational studyJournal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia2025
Predicting Extent of Opioid Use Following Cardiac Surgery: A Pilot Study.
Observational study in Journal of cardiothoracic and vascular anesthesia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
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Abstract
objectivesThis study was designed to test whether a negative affect phenotype reflecting depression, anxiety, anger, and pain catastrophizing predicts inpatient and outpatient opioid use outcomes following cardiac surgery.
designIn a single-center prospective observational pilot study, the authors obtained validated measures of negative affect and opioid-related phenotype preoperatively and collected opioid use and opioid misuse-related outcomes at 30-day postoperative follow-up.
settingQuaternary medical center.
participantsThe final dataset included 30 adult patients undergoing elective cardiac surgery procedures between August 19, 2022, and August 29, 2023.
interventionsNone. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN
resultsOpioid outcomes included: (1) total inpatient postoperative opioid use (in milligram morphine equivalents), (2) self-reported number of days that prescribed outpatient opioids were used during the 30-day follow-up period (Timeline Followback method), and (3) number of opioid misuse-related behaviors (Current Opioid Misuse Measure-9) at 30-day follow-up. Generalized linear model analyses using a Poisson distribution indicated that greater preoperative depression, anxiety, anger, pain catastrophizing, and opioid misuse risk (indexed by the Screener and Opioid Assessment for Patients with Pain- Revised) were all significantly (p < 0.002) associated with greater inpatient and outpatient postoperative opioid use, as well as more opioid misuse-related behaviors at 30-day follow-up (p < 0.001).
conclusionsPatients with higher preoperative levels of negative affect (depression, anxiety, anger, and pain catastrophizing) use more inpatient and outpatient opioid analgesics following cardiac surgery, a pattern similar to noncardiac surgery populations. Results support further study of patient-specific approaches to opioid prescribing to reduce the risk for opioid use disorder post-cardiac surgery.
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