Observational studyAnnals of geriatric medicine and research2025
Co-occurrence of Frailty, Possible Sarcopenia, and Malnutrition in Community-Dwelling Older Outpatients: A Multicentre Observational Study.
Observational study in Annals of geriatric medicine and research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of stress hyperglycemia ratio with malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty in older adults: a cross-sectional study.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Prediction of Postoperative Hypokalemia in Patients with Severe Carotid Artery Stenosis undergoing Standard Carotid Endarterectomy: A Retrospective Cohort Study.Annals of geriatric medicine and research · 2026Article
- The association between Ankle Brachial Index (ABI) and cognitive impairment in geriatric patients at Dr Cipto Mangunkusumo Hospital Jakarta.BMC geriatrics · 2026Article
- Role of Sociodemographic Variables in the Association Between Physical Performance and Balance Disorders in Older Adults.Journal of aging research · 2026Article
- Core principles and structures of geriatric rehabilitation: a narrative review.Ewha medical journal · 2025Article
- Hip fracture and cognitive impairment in older adults-integrated approaches to rehabilitation: a narrative review.Ewha medical journal · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
18 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe co-occurrence of frailty, sarcopenia, and malnutrition was well studied in inpatient and nursing home settings, which was associated with higher risk of all-cause mortality. Multicentre data in community-dwelling outpatient setting were lacking. We aimed to find the prevalence of frailty, possible sarcopenia and malnutrition, their overlap and the associated factors in community-dwelling older outpatients.
methodsWe collected data from community-dwelling outpatients aged ≥60 years in Indonesian geriatric care centres to conduct this cross-sectional study with bivariate and multivariable analyses. Frailty, possible sarcopenia, and malnutrition diagnoses were based on FRAIL scale, Asian Working Group for Sarcopenia 2019 consensus, and Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form, respectively.
resultsThe prevalence of frailty, possible sarcopenia, and malnutrition in community-dwelling older outpatients were 13.6%, 45.5%, and 5.3%, respectively. The prevalence of co-occurrence of frailty, possible sarcopenia and malnutrition was 3.3%. It was associated with transient ischemic attack (TIA) and cerebrovascular accident (odds ratio [OR]=5.53, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.48-20.61), cognitive impairment (OR=3.70, 95% CI 1.21-11.31), and dependent functional capacity (OR=11.62, 95% CI 3.38-39.99). Overlap of three evaluated syndromes was found in 24.1%, 7.2%, and 61.3% of subjects with frailty, possible sarcopenia, and malnutrition, respectively. It was characterized by a substantial proportion of female sex, older adults with low educational attainment, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cognitive impairment, multimorbidity, and dependent functional status.
conclusionApproximately 1 in 30 community-dwelling older outpatients had overlapping frailty, possible sarcopenia, and malnutrition. The condition is associated with TIA and cerebrovascular accident, cognitive impairment, and dependent functional capacity. Standardized screening in community-dwelling older population is necessary.
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