Healthcare workers' knowledge and attitudes regarding artificial intelligence adoption in healthcare: A cross-sectional study.

Background: The convergence of healthcare and artificial intelligence (AI) introduces a transformative era in medical practice. However, the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare workers concerning the adoption of artificial intelligence in healthcare are currently unknown. Aims: The primary objective was to investigate the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals in Dhaka city, Bangladesh, regarding the adoption of AI in healthcare. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was employed, incorporating a dual-method approach to select participants using randomness and convenience sampling techniques. Validity was ensured through a literature review, content validity, and reliability assessment (Cronbach's alpha = 0.85), and exploratory factor analysis identified robust underlying factors. Data analysis involved descriptive and inferential statistics, including Fisher's exact tests, multivariate logistic regression, and Pearson correlation analysis, conducted using STATA software, providing a comprehensive understanding of healthcare workers' AI adoption in healthcare. Results: This study revealed that age was a significant factor, with individuals aged 18-25 and 26-35 having higher odds of good knowledge and positive attitudes (AOR 1.56, 95 % CI 1.12-2.43; AOR 1.42, 95 % CI 0.98-2.34). Physicians (AOR 1.08, 95 % CI 0.78-1.89), hospital workers (AOR 1.29, 95 % CI 0.92-2.09), and full-time employees (AOR 1.45, 95 % CI 1.12-2.34) exhibited higher odds. Attending AI conferences (AOR 1.27, 95 % CI 0.92-2.23) and learning through research articles/journals (AOR 1.31, 95 % CI 0.98-2.09) were positively associated with good knowledge and positive attitudes. This research also emphasized the strong correlations between knowledge and positive attitudes (r = 0.89, P < 0.001), as well as negative attitudes with poor knowledge (r = 0.65, P < 0.001). Conclusions: The study highlights the critical need for targeted educational interventions to bridge the knowledge gaps among healthcare professionals regarding AI adoption. The findings reveal that younger healthcare workers, those in full-time employment, and individuals with exposure to AI through conferences or research are more likely to possess good knowledge and hold positive attitudes towards AI integration. These results suggest that policies and training programs must be tailored to address specific demographic differences, ensuring that all groups are equipped to engage with AI technologies. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of continuous professional development, which could foster a workforce capable of harnessing AI's potential to improve patient outcomes and healthcare efficiency.