Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39690159›Full record

ArticleSignal transduction and targeted therapy2024

Macrophages promote pre-metastatic niche formation of breast cancer through aryl hydrocarbon receptor activity.

Xu Jiang, Jiaqi Wang, Liangyu Lin, Liming Du, Yayun Ding, Fanjun Zheng, Hongzhen Xie, Yu Wang, Mingyuan Hu, Benming Liu and 13 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Signal transduction and targeted therapy, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 37 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
37citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

37 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Effect of Retatrutide, a Novel Triple Receptor Agonist, on Blood Pressure and Lipid Levels: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.High blood pressure & cardiovascular prevention : the official journal of the Italian Society of Hypertension · 2026
    Pooled it
  2. Therapeutic role of GLP-1 receptor agonists in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2026
    Pooled it
  3. Review
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  7. Review
  8. Chiral Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles Induce Breast Cancer Lung Metastasis.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Review
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Single-cell transcriptome analysis reveals DNMT1Journal of translational medicine · 2026
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. RNF168 promotes chronic colitis through ANXA7-mediated autophagy and NLRP3-driven pyroptosis.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2026
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Xu Jiang *CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Jiaqi Wang *CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Liangyu LinCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Liming DuCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Yayun DingThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Fanjun ZhengCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Hongzhen XieCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Yu WangCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Mingyuan HuCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Benming LiuCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Muhan XuCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Jingjie ZhaiCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Xuefeng WangCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.ORCID 0000-0003-3613-6113
Jiayin YeCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Wei CaoCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Chao FengThe Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
Jingyi FengCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Zongliu HouKey Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Mingyao MengKey Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan, China.
Ju QiuCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China.
Qing LiCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. qingli@sinh.ac.cn.
Yufang ShiCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. yfshi@suda.edu.cn.
Ying WangCAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China. yingwang@sibs.ac.cn.ORCID 0000-0002-2571-9367

Funding

National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82301571National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82425032, 32070872, 31771641National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82430086, 81930085National Natural Science Foundation of China (National Science Foundation of China) 82470658
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Macrophages that acquire an immunosuppressive phenotype play a crucial role in establishing the pre-metastatic niche (PMN), which is essential for facilitating breast cancer metastasis to distant organs. Our study showed that increased activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) in lung macrophages plays a crucial role in establishing the immunosuppressive PMN in breast cancer. Specifically, AHR activation led to high expression of PD-L1 on macrophages by directly binding to the promoter of Pdl1. This upregulation of PD-L1 promoted the differentiation of regulatory T cells (Tregs) within the PMN, further enhancing immunosuppressive conditions. Mice with Ahr conditional deletion in macrophages had reduced lung metastasis of breast cancer. The elevated AHR levels in PMN macrophages were induced by GM-CSF, which was secreted by breast cancer cells. Mechanistically, the activated STAT5 signaling pathway induced by GM-CSF prevented AHR from being ubiquitinated, thereby sustaining its activity in macrophages. In breast cancer patients, the expression of AHR and PD-L1 was correlated with increased Treg cell infiltration, and higher levels of AHR were associated with a poor prognosis. These findings reveal that the crosstalk of breast cancer cells, lung macrophages, and Treg cells via the GM-CSF-STAT5-AHR-PD-L1 cascade modulates the lung pre-metastatic niche during breast cancer progression.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorMacrophagesReceptors, Aryl HydrocarbonT-Lymphocytes, RegulatoryAnimalsB7-H1 AntigenBasic Helix-Loop-Helix ProteinsCell Line, TumorFemaleHumansLung NeoplasmsMiceNeoplasm MetastasisTumor MicroenvironmentAHR protein, humanB7-H1 AntigenBasic Helix-Loop-Helix ProteinsCD274 protein, humanGranulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating FactorReceptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon

Identifiers

PMID39690159
PMCPMC11652640

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.