Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39688515›Full record

ArticleJournal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA2025

Ambient artificial intelligence scribes: utilization and impact on documentation time.

Stephen P Ma, April S Liang, Shreya J Shah, Margaret Smith, Yejin Jeong, Anna Devon-Sand, Trevor Crowell, Clarissa Delahaie, Caroline Hsia, Steven Lin and 4 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association : JAMIA, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07742761 (Emergency Medicine Practitioners Overall Well-being Enhancement With Ambient AI Scribes), which is not on this map. Cited by 87 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
87citing papers in PubMed, 4 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07742761 naactive not recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Emergency Medicine Practitioners Overall Well-being Enhancement With Ambient AI Scribes

TypeinterventionalSponsorWashington University School of MedicineRan2026 to 2027Enrolled55ConditionsWell-being at Work, BurnoutArmsAmbient AI Scribe
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

87 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  7. Article
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  13. Artificial Intelligence Scribes in Orthopaedic Surgery: A Narrative Review.Journal of the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons. Global research & reviews · 2026
    Review
  14. Observational
  15. Article
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27 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Stephen P MaDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.ORCID 0000-0003-3738-9569
April S LiangDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Shreya J ShahDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Margaret SmithStanford Healthcare AI Applied Research Team, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Yejin JeongStanford Healthcare AI Applied Research Team, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Anna Devon-SandStanford Healthcare AI Applied Research Team, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Trevor CrowellStanford Healthcare AI Applied Research Team, Division of Primary Care and Population Health, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Clarissa DelahaieTechnology and Digital Solutions, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Caroline HsiaTechnology and Digital Solutions, Stanford Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Steven LinDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Tait ShanafeltDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Michael A PfefferDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Christopher SharpDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.
Patricia GarciaDepartment of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, United States.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesTo quantify utilization and impact on documentation time of a large language model-powered ambient artificial intelligence (AI) scribe. MATERIALS AND

methodsThis prospective quality improvement study was conducted at a large academic medical center with 45 physicians from 8 ambulatory disciplines over 3 months. Utilization and documentation times were derived from electronic health record (EHR) use measures.

resultsThe ambient AI scribe was utilized in 9629 of 17 428 encounters (55.25%) with significant interuser heterogeneity. Compared to baseline, median time per note reduced significantly by 0.57 minutes. Median daily documentation, afterhours, and total EHR time also decreased significantly by 6.89, 5.17, and 19.95 minutes/day, respectively. DISCUSSION: An early pilot of an ambient AI scribe demonstrated robust utilization and reduced time spent on documentation and in the EHR. There was notable individual-level heterogeneity.

conclusionLarge language model-powered ambient AI scribes may reduce documentation burden. Further studies are needed to identify which users benefit most from current technology and how future iterations can support a broader audience.

Indexed as

Artificial IntelligenceDocumentationElectronic Health RecordsAcademic Medical CentersHumansProspective StudiesQuality ImprovementTime Factorsambient intelligenceambient scribesartificial intelligencedocumentationinformatics

Identifiers

PMID39688515
PMCPMC11756633

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.