Smartwatch ECG and artificial intelligence in detecting acute coronary syndrome compared to traditional 12-lead ECG.

Background: Acute coronary syndromes (ACS) require prompt diagnosis through initial electrocardiograms (ECG), but ECG machines are not always accessible. Meanwhile, smartwatches offering ECG functionality have become widespread. This study evaluates the feasibility of an image-based ECG analysis artificial intelligence (AI) system with smartwatch-based multichannel, asynchronous ECG for diagnosing ACS. Methods: Fifty-six patients with ACS and 15 healthy participants were included, and their standard 12-lead and smartwatch-based 9-lead ECGs were analyzed. The ACS group was categorized into ACS with acute total occlusion (ACS-O(+), culprit stenosis ≥ 99 %, n = 44) and ACS without occlusion (ACS-O(-), culprit stenosis 70 % to < 99 %, n = 12) based on coronary angiography. A deep learning-based AI-ECG tool interpreting 2-dimensional ECG images generated probability scores for ST-elevation myocardial infarction (qSTEMI), ACS (qACS), and myocardial injury (qMI: troponin I > 0.1 ng/mL). Results: The AI-driven qSTEMI, qACS, and qMI demonstrated correlation coefficients of 0.882, 0.874, and 0.872 between standard and smartwatch ECGs (all Conclusion: AI-ECG scores from standard and smartwatch-based ECGs showed high concordance with comparable diagnostic performance in differentiating ACS-O(+) and ACS-O(-). With increasing accessibility smartwatch accessibility, they may hold promise for aiding ACS diagnosis, regardless of location.