Observational studyAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2025
Retinal thinning differentiates treatment effects in relapsing multiple sclerosis below the clinical threshold.
Observational study in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
5 citing papers in PubMed.
- Intrathecal Plasma Cell Activity as Measured by the Kappa Free Light Chain Index Is Associated With Retinal Layer Atrophy in Early Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Optic nerve assessments in MS diagnosis are worth the added implementation complexity: Yes.Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England) · 2026Article
- Integration of retinal layer thinning into NEDA-3 predicts disability progression in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
- Subclinical Optic Nerve Involvement in Radiologically Isolated Syndrome: Multimodal Detection and Diagnostic Impact.Annals of clinical and translational neurology · 2026Article
- Two-year OCT follow-up in multiple sclerosis patients on Ofatumumab shows retinal preservation over non-antiCD20 treatments.Journal of neurology · 2026Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
21 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo investigate retinal layer thinning as a biomarker of disease-modifying treatment (DMT) effects in relapsing multiple sclerosis (RMS).
methodsFrom an ongoing prospective observational study, we included patients with RMS, who (i) had an optical coherence tomography (OCT) scan within 6 to 12 months after DMT start (rebaseline) and ≥1 follow-up OCT ≥12 months after rebaseline and (ii) adhered to DMT during follow-up. Differences between DMT in thinning of peripapillary-retinal-nerve-fiber-layer (pRNFL) and macular ganglion cell-plus-inner plexiform-layer (GCIPL) were analyzed using mixed-effects linear regression. Eyes suffering optic neuritis during follow-up were excluded.
resultsWe included 291 RMS patients (mean age 30.8 years [SD 7.9], 72.9% female, median disease duration 9 months [range 6-94], median rebaseline-to-last-follow-up-interval 32 months [12-82]). Mean annualized rates of retinal layer thinning (%/year) in reference to DMF (n = 84, GCIPL 0.28, pRNFL 0.53) were similar under TERI (n = 18, GCIPL 0.34, pRNFL 0.59), GLAT (n = 24, GCIPL 0.32, pRNFL 0.56), and IFNb (n = 13, GCIPL 0.33, pRNFL 0.60) were slightly lower under S1PM (n = 27, GCIPL 0.19, pRNFL 0.42) and CLA (n = 23, GCIPL 0.20, pRNFL 0.42), and were significantly lower under NTZ (n = 47, GCIPL 0.09, pRNFL 0.24; both p < 0.001) and antiCD20 (n = 55, GCIPL 0.10, pRNFL 0.23; both p < 0.001). In patients achieving NEDA-2, observed thinning rates were lower overall, but still significantly lower under NTZ and antiCD20.
interpretationApplying a rebaselining concept, retinal layer thinning differentiates DMT effects even in clinically stable patients and, thus, might be a useful biomarker to monitor DMT efficacy on subclinical neuroaxonal degeneration-at least on a group level.
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