Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39684504›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2024

Advancing Therapeutic and Vaccine Proteins: Switching from Recombinant to Ribosomal Delivery-A Humanitarian Cause.

Sarfaraz K Niazi, Matthias Magoola

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
3citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

3 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors.

Sarfaraz K NiaziCollege of Pharmacy, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-0513-0336
Matthias MagoolaDEI Biopharma, Kampala P.O. Box 35854, Uganda.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Recombinant therapeutic and vaccine proteins have revolutionized healthcare, but there remain challenges, as many are awaiting development due to their slow development speed and high development cost. Cell-free in vivo ribosomes offer one choice, but they come with similar constraints. The validation of in vivo messenger RNA (mRNA) technology has been accomplished for COVID-19 vaccines. The bioreactors inside the body, the ribosomes, deliver these proteins at a small cost, since these are chemical products and do not require extensive analytical and regulatory exercises. In this study, we test and validate the final product. A smaller fraction of the recombinant protein cost is needed, removing both constraints. Although thousands of in vivo mRNA products are under development, their regulatory classification remains unresolved: do they qualify as chemical drugs, biological drug, or gene therapy items? These questions will soon be resolved. Additionally, how would the copies of approved in vivo mRNA protein products be brought in, and how would they be treated: as new drugs, generic drugs, or new biological drugs? Researchers are currently working to answer these questions. Regardless, these products' cost of goods (COGs) remains much smaller than that of ex vivo mRNA or recombinant products. This is necessary to meet the needs of the approximately 6.5 billion people around the world who do not have access to biological drugs; these products will indeed serve the dire needs of humanity. Given the minor cost of establishing the manufacturing of these products, it will also prove financially attractive to investors.

Indexed as

COVID-19COVID-19 VaccinesRecombinant ProteinsRibosomesSARS-CoV-2HumansRNA, MessengerCOVID-19 VaccinesRecombinant ProteinsRNA, Messengerantibodiesbioreactorsex vivo mRNAintellectual propertyin vivo mRNALNPprotein vaccinesrecombinant technologyregulatoryribosomestherapeutic proteins

Identifiers

PMID39684504
PMCPMC11641290

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.