Application of Polyvinyl Alcohol-Ethylene Glycol Hydrogel Technology for Removing Animal Glue in Book Restoration Based on Fluorescent Labeling Evaluation.

Jia Wang, Yuting Xu, Canxin Tian, Yunjiang Yu, Changwei Zou

Abstract read

In one paragraph

Article in Nanomaterials (Basel, Switzerland), 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it

0cells of the map it votes in

1citing papers in PubMed

–field-weighted citation impact

1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

Polyacrylamide hybridized double networks with polysaccharides and zinc oxide nanoparticles as a Novel approach for removing animal glue stain from paper manuscripts.Scientific reports · 2026
Article

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Jia WangLibrary, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.

Yuting XuDepartment of Physics, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.

Canxin TianDepartment of Physics, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.

Yunjiang YuDepartment of Physics, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.

Changwei ZouDepartment of Physics, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524048, China.

Funding

Innovation team project of Guangdong Universities 2020KCXTD032Innovation team project of Lingnan Normal University LT2203Science and Technology Project of Zhanjiang 2022A0100, 2022B01044, 2024B01117

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study developed a novel material based on polyvinyl alcohol-ethylene glycol (PVA-EG) hydrogel and systematically evaluated its potential application in the removal of animal glue from book surfaces. The microstructure, surface properties, and mechanical characteristics of the PVA-EG hydrogel were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle measurements, a universal testing machine, and a dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). The introduction of ethylene glycol (EG) could weaken hydrogen bonding interactions between PVA chains to enhance the molecular chain flexibility of the hydrogel. Notably, the 10% PVA-EG hydrogel shows better crystallinity, higher hydrophilicity, and optimal balance between mechanical strength and flexibility compared to pure PVA, which is conducive to improving the efficiency of the removal of animal glue. Additionally, the effectiveness of the process of removing animal glue was verified by real-time monitoring using europium nitrate at a concentration of 0.4% (

Indexed as

animal glue removalbook restorationfluorescence labelingPVA-EG hydrogel

Identifiers

PMID39683267

DOI10.3390/nano14231878

PMCPMC11643851

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.