Classification of Chicken Carcass Breast Blood-Related Defects Using Hyperspectral Imaging Combined with Convolutional Neural Networks.

For chicken carcass breast blood-related defects (CBDs), which occur with high frequency, the visual features are approximated in terms of the similarity of the composition of these defects, making it challenging to classify them, either manually or automatically, using conventional machine vision. The aim of this paper was to introduce a method of CBD classification based on hyperspectral imaging combined with Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). To process hyperspectral data, the Improved Firefly Band Selection Algorithm was constructed with the 1-D CNN CBD classification model as the objective function, achieving a reduction in the dimensionality of hyperspectral data. The multidimensional data CBD classification models were developed based on YOLOv4 and Faster R-CNN, incorporating the 1-D CNN CBD classification model and the feature fusion layer. The combination of hyperspectral data and CNN can effectively accomplish the classification of CBDs, although different model architectures emphasize classification speed and accuracy differently. The multidimensional data YOLOv4 CBD classification model achieves an mAP of 0.916 with an inference time of 41.8 ms, while the multidimensional data Faster R-CNN CBD classification model, despite having a longer inference time of 58.2 ms, reaches a higher mAP of 0.990. In practical production scenarios, the appropriate classification model can be selected based on specific needs.