An Improved Bird Detection Method Using Surveillance Videos from Poyang Lake Based on YOLOv8.

Poyang Lake is the largest freshwater lake in China and plays a significant ecological role. Deep-learning-based video surveillance can effectively monitor bird species on the lake, contributing to the local biodiversity preservation. To address the challenges of multi-scale object detection against complex backgrounds, such as a high density and severe occlusion, we propose a new model known as the YOLOv8-bird model. First, we use Receptive-Field Attention convolution, which improves the model's ability to capture and utilize image information. Second, we redesign a feature fusion network, termed the DyASF-P2, which enhances the network's ability to capture small object features and reduces the target information loss. Third, a lightweight detection head is designed to effectively reduce the model's size without sacrificing the precision. Last, the Inner-ShapeIoU loss function is proposed to address the multi-scale bird localization challenge. Experimental results on the PYL-5-2023 dataset demonstrate that the YOLOv8-bird model achieves precision, recall, mAP@0.5, and mAP@0.5:0.95 scores of 94.6%, 89.4%, 94.8%, and 70.4%, respectively. Additionally, the model outperforms other mainstream object detection models in terms of accuracy. These results indicate that the proposed YOLOv8-bird model is well-suited for bird detection and counting tasks, which enable it to support biodiversity monitoring in the complex environment of Poyang Lake.