ReviewCancers2024
Sex Disparities in Bladder Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment.
Review in Cancers, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Diagnosis, evaluation, and management of patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.Future science OA · 2026Review
- Aspirin or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug initiation and subsequent bladder cancer evaluation.Journal of internal medicine · 2026Article
- Sex Differences in Cancer Stage at Diagnosis of Nonreproductive Solid Organ Tumors in the United States, 2015 to 2022.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- Article
- Analysis of CacyBP/SIP, ERK1/2, and p38 Expression in Low- and High-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma.Cancer medicine · 2026Article
- Integrative microRNA and transcriptome analysis reveals sex-specific molecular divergence in human bladder cancer.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Low-Grade Papillary Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder Presenting as Persistent Genital Arousal Disorder/Genito-Pelvic Dysesthesia: A Case Report.Case reports in urology · 2026Article
- The emerging role of the microbiome in bladder cancer: prognostic implications and treatment response.Brazilian journal of medical and biological research = Revista brasileira de pesquisas medicas e biologicas · 2026Review
- Genomic Characteristics of Bladder Cancer: An AACR Project GENIE Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Lack of precision in the reporting of sex and gender in cancer clinical trials with a PRO endpoint: an exploratory literature review.BMC medical research methodology · 2025Review
- Severe Rectal Stenosis as the First Clinical Appearance of a Metastasis Originating from the Bladder: A Case Report and Literature Review.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Review
- Global Burden of Major Urologic Diseases in Women, 1990-2021: A Systematic Analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.International journal of women's health · 2025Article
- Analysis of risk factors for ureteral stricture and tumor recurrence after transurethral resection of bladder tumor in paraureteral bladder cancer.Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Association of CCL2/CCR2 gene polymorphisms and bladder cancer risk in a hispanic-rich US population.Bladder cancer (Amsterdam, Netherlands)Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Gender differences in prevalence, tumor invasiveness, response to treatment, and clinical outcomes exist in different types of cancer. The aim of this article is to summarize the sex disparities in bladder cancer diagnosis and treatment and try to suggest areas for improvement. Although men are at a higher risk of developing bladder tumors, women tend to be diagnosed with more advanced stages at diagnosis and are more likely to present with upfront muscle-invasive disease. Non-urothelial histological subtypes are more frequently reported in women. Regarding non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC), several studies have shown that women have a higher risk of disease recurrence after treatment with Bacillus Calmette-Guerin, due to different immunogenicities. In localized muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC), neoadjuvant chemotherapy and cystectomy are less likely to be performed on women and sexual-sparing procedures with neobladder diversion are rarely offered. Finally, women appear to have a poorer prognosis than men, potentially due to the sex-associated intrinsic features of hosts and tumors that may drive differential therapeutic responses, particularly to immune-based therapies. Women are also more likely to develop severe adverse events related to systemic therapies and are underrepresented in randomized studies, leading to a gap between the real world and trials. In conclusion, studies investigating the role of sex and gender are urgently needed to improve the management of urothelial carcinoma.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.