Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39681867›Full record

ArticleBMC global and public health2023

The barriers to cervical cancer screening for urban and rural populations in Rwanda.

Hallie Dau, Marianne Vidler, Maryam AboMoslim, Barbra Mutamba, Zoey Nesbitt, John Deodatha, Schadrack Danson Byiringiro, Charles Niyotwiringiye, Nadia Mithani, Varun Nair and 3 more

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in BMC global and public health, 2023. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
  3. Associations Between Regional Factors and Cervical Cancer Screening Coverage in Tokyo.Asian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Introducing BMC Global and Public Health.BMC global and public health · 2023
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Hallie DauSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Marianne VidlerDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Maryam AboMoslimSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Barbra MutambaEagle Research Center, Kigali, Rwanda.
Zoey NesbittSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
John DeodathaEagle Research Center, Kigali, Rwanda.
Schadrack Danson ByiringiroEagle Research Center, Kigali, Rwanda.
Charles NiyotwiringiyeEagle Research Center, Kigali, Rwanda.
Nadia MithaniSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Varun NairWomen's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Laurie SmithWomen's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
Stephen RulisaSchool of Medicine and Pharmacy, University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, University of Rwanda, Kigali, Rwanda.
Gina OgilvieSchool of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada. Gina.Ogilvie@bccdc.ca.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in Rwandan women. There is a limited understanding of the barriers that women face to obtain cervical cancer screening in Rwanda. It is important to understand the barriers in order to implement effective screening programs. The goal of this study is to describe the barriers to cervical cancer screening among women in Rwanda and how they differ among women in rural and urban areas.

methodsThis cross-sectional study recruited women from June 1 to 9, 2022, at Muhima and Nyamata District Hospitals in Rwanda. Women were eligible for the study if they were ≥ 18 years and spoke Kinyarwanda or English. Women completed a 15-min survey which included questions on the participants' demographics, knowledge of cervical cancer, cervical cancer screening history, and barriers to healthcare. Women were stratified by survey location (urban vs rural). Descriptive statistics were reported.

resultsA total of 374 women completed the survey with 169 participants from Muhima and 205 from Nyamata. Most women were in a relationship and had a primary school or less education. The most common barriers to accessing general healthcare services were long wait times at the facility (Muhima 26%; Nyamata 30%), low quality of care (Muhima 15%; Nyamata 12%), and transportation costs (Muhima 13%; Nyamata 9.3%). However, women from Nyamata were significantly more likely to report distance to the health center as a barrier (p-value < 0.001), and women from Muhima were significantly more likely to report transportation method as a barrier (p-value = 0.004). The primary reason reported for not obtaining cervical cancer screening was that women did not know how or where to get tested (Muhima 57%; Nyamata 51%).

conclusionsThe most common barriers to cervical cancer screening in Rwanda were the quality of clinical care and issues with traveling to the clinic. Implementing a cervical cancer self-collection program could help eliminate many barriers that women face to obtain health services in Rwanda. More research is needed to better understand the acceptability of cervical cancer screening in Rwanda and how it could be integrated into the healthcare system.

Indexed as

BarriersCervical cancerRwandaScreening

Identifiers

PMID39681867
PMCPMC11587645

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.