Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39681689›Full record

ArticleAesthetic plastic surgery2025

Extracorporeal Acoustic Shock Waves to Treat Complications of Polymethylmethacrylate.

Mario Goisis, Sara Zecchetto, Sheila Veronese, Lindsey Alejandra Quintero Sierra, Riccardo Ossanna, Paolo Bernardi, Maria Maddalena Nicoletti, Sima Khabouri, Andrea Sbarbati

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In one paragraph

Article in Aesthetic plastic surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 1 paper, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Mario GoisisDe Clinic, Viale Regina Giovanna 39, 20129, Milan, Italy.
Sara ZecchettoAesthetic Medicine Clinic - Dr. Sara Zecchetto, Piazza del Popolo 16, 37132, Verona, Italy.
Sheila VeroneseSection of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy. sheila.veronese@univr.it.ORCID 0000-0002-6707-3306
Lindsey Alejandra Quintero SierraSection of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Riccardo OssannaSection of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Paolo BernardiSection of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.
Maria Maddalena NicolettiDepartment of Precision Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Piazza Luigi Miraglia 2, 80138, Naples, Italy.
Sima KhabouriDe Clinic, Viale Regina Giovanna 39, 20129, Milan, Italy.
Andrea SbarbatiSection of Anatomy and Histology, Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine, and Movement, University of Verona, P.le L.A. Scuro 10, 37134, Verona, Italy.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundPolymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) fillers are permanent fillers known for their possible side effects. In case of complications, the only possible treatment is surgical removal, followed by procedures to minimize resulting deformity. The aims of this study were (1) to analyse the morphology of the PMMA material in the nodules, (2) to demonstrate that treatment by acoustic wave therapy (AWT) can help the removal of the nodules, and (3) to present an easy procedure to solve deformities.

methodsThe data of 9 patients who underwent AWT, surgical PMMA removal, and deformity correction by enriched nanograft and dermagraft injections between April 2021 and May 2024 were presented. The leftover aspirated material was analysed by histology and scanning electron microscopy.

resultsAWT resulted in no complications in all patients. After removal and correction surgeries, minor complications were observed in 5 cases. All the patients were delighted with the aesthetic outcome. In all patients, an important improvement of the deformities, with correction of the volume of the face, was observed. A substantial resolution of the initial clinical symptoms was documented. The ultrastructural analysis highlighted that PMMA appears in the form of laminar or prismatic formations with a paracrystalline structure.

conclusionsAWT acted directly on PMMA to facilitate its removal and reduce fibrosis around the PMMA filler. The lack of volume correlated with PMMA removal was resolved with the enriched nanograft and dermagraft injections, which led to very satisfying aesthetic results. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE V: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Indexed as

Cosmetic TechniquesDermal FillersExtracorporeal Shockwave TherapyPolymethyl MethacrylateAdultEstheticsFemaleHumansMaleMicroscopy, Electron, ScanningMiddle AgedRetrospective StudiesTreatment OutcomeDermal FillersPolymethyl MethacrylateAWTDermagraftFillerPMMAPolymethylmethacrylateShock waves

Identifiers

PMID39681689
PMCPMC12222418

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.