ArticlePediatric obesity2025
Impact of prenatal exposure to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on birth size and postnatal growth trajectories.
Article in Pediatric obesity, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Medical Cannabis During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: Is the Concern Fully Evidence-Based?Biomedicines · 2026Article
- Anti-epileptic medication induced disturbed calcium-vitamin D metabolism: A behavioral analysis using association rule mining technique.World journal of experimental medicine · 2025Article
- Impact of prenatal exposure to delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol on birth size and postnatal growth trajectories.Pediatric obesity · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
15 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundPrenatal exposure to cannabis (or more specifically, delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol [Δ9-THC]) has been consistently linked to low birthweight. Animal models further show that Δ9-THC is associated with rapid postnatal growth. Whether this association is modified by breastfeeding is unknown.
methodsIn this exploratory study, we followed 128 mother-child pairs through 3 years. Urinary Δ9-THC and cannabidiol (CBD) were measured mid-gestation. Generalized linear models estimated the associations between Δ9-THC and neonatal body composition. A mixed-effects model estimated the association between Δ9-THC and body mass index (BMI) z-score trajectories. Interaction was assessed by a three-way product term (Δ9-THC × breastmilk months × age).
resultsFifteen children (12%) had Δ9-THC exposure; three had concomitant CBD exposure. Prenatal exposure to Δ9-THC alone was associated with lower fat mass (-95 g, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -174, -14) and neonatal adiposity (-2.1%; 95% CI: -4.2, -0.4) followed by rapid postnatal growth (0.42 increase in BMI z-score per square root year; 95% CI: 0.12, 0.72). Breastfeeding modified this association (p = 0.04), such that growth was similar for those breastfed for 5 months whereas a shorter duration of breastfeeding was associated with 1.1 higher BMI z-score at 3 years (95% CI: 0.21, 2.05).
conclusionsOur study suggests that prenatal exposure to Δ9-THC may alter early-life growth. Breastfeeding may stabilize rapid postnatal growth, but the impact of lactational exposure requires further investigation.
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