ArticleNature medicine2025
Genomic and transmission dynamics of the 2024 Marburg virus outbreak in Rwanda.
Abstract read
In one paragraph
Article in Nature medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Re-emerging Marburg virus disease in Africa: spillover ecology, geographic expansion, and surveillance vulnerabilities.Emerging microbes & infections · 2026Review
- Detection of Marburg Virus Antibodies 25 Years After Outbreak in Watsa, Democratic Republic of the Congo.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Marburg virus persistence and clinical complications among recovered persons in Rwanda: a longitudinal study protocol.BMJ open · 2026Article
- Rwanda's National Reference Laboratory Operational Capacity during the 2024 Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak Response.Tropical diseases, travel medicine and vaccines · 2026Article
- Empowering One Health with metagenomics.One health outlook · 2026Review
- Global approaches to infectious disease surveillance and modeling.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- The future of diagnostics in Africa.Nature medicine · 2026Review
- The critical role of emergency departments in managing infectious disease outbreaks: Lessons from the Rwanda Marburg virus response.African journal of emergency medicine : Revue africaine de la medecine d'urgence · 2026Article
- Lessons from Rwanda's response to the Marburg virus outbreak.Nature medicine · 2026Article
- Genomic Insights into Marburg Virus Strains from 2023 and 2025 Outbreaks in Kagera, Tanzania.Emerging infectious diseases · 2026Article
- National prioritisation of zoonotic diseases in Rwanda: a One Health modified Delphi consensus study.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Enhancing Global Health Security in Sub-Saharan Africa: The case for integrated One Health surveillance against zoonotic diseases and environmental threats.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2025Review
- Recent advances in the inference of deep viral evolutionary history.Journal of virology · 2025Review
- Increasing Occurrence of Marburg Virus Outbreaks in Africa: Risk Assessment for Public Health.Microbial biotechnology · 2025Review
- The role of Rwanda Field Epidemiology and Laboratory Training Program graduates and residents in response to the first Marburg Virus Disease outbreak in Rwanda.PLOS global public health · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
67 authors.
Yvan Butera *Rwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. yvan.butera@moh.gov.rw.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-0648-2384
Leon Mutesa *Rwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. l.mutesa@ur.ac.rw.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-3706
Edyth ParkerRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8312-1446
Raissa MuvunyiRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Esperance UmumararunguRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Alisen AyitewalaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Jean Pierre MusabyimanaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Alhaji OlonoRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0000-9940-1004
Placide SesongaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7842-6149
Olusola OgunsanyaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-0475-0338
Emmanuel KabalisaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Oluwatobi AdedokunRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0009-5012-8161
Nelson GahimaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0003-5379-8909
Laetitia IrankundaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Chantal MutezemariyaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Richard NiyonkuruRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Arlene UwituzeRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Ithiel UwizeraRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
James KagameRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Arlette UmugwanezaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
John RwabuhihiRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0009-0006-1667-2268
Fidele UmwanankabandiRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Valens MbonitegekaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Edouard NtagwabiraRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Etienne KayigiRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Gerard IzuwayoRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Herve MurenziRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Therese MukankwiroRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Nasson TuyiringireRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Jean Marie Vianney UwimanaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Agnes GasengayireRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Reuben SindayihebaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Glory-Ugochi OnyeugoRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Merawi AragawRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7571-8795
Lenny GitunduRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Radjabu BigirimanaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Mosoka FallahRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Adaora EjikemeRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Senga SembucheRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Alice KabandaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Jean Claude MugishaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Emmanuel Edwar Siddig FrancisRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Pierre GashemaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Jerome NdayisengaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3149-1554
Alexis RugambaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Faustin KanyabwishaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Gad MurenziRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Anise HappiAfrican Center of Excellence for Genomics of Infectious Diseases, Redeemer's University, Ede, Nigeria.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-8959-5175
Jean Claude Semuto NgabonzizaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Misbah GasheguRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Ayman AhmedRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Noella BigirimanaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Edson RwagasoreRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Muhammed SemakulaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Jean Paul RwabihamaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Clarisse MusanabaganwaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Eric SeruyangeRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Menelas NkeshimanaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Theogene TwagirumugabeRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
David TuratsinzeRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Eric RemeraRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Noel GahamanyiRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Sofonias Kifle TessemaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Isabelle MukagatareRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Sabin NsanzimanaRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Christian HappiRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. happic@run.edu.ng.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-3056-6705
Claude Mambo MuvunyiRwanda Joint Task Force for Marburg Virus Disease Outbreak, Ministry of Health, Rwanda Biomedical Centre, Kigali, Rwanda. claude.muvunyi@rbc.gov.rw.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4180-442X
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The ongoing outbreak of Marburg virus disease in Rwanda marks the third largest historically, although it has shown the lowest fatality rate. Genomic analysis of samples from 18 cases identified a lineage with limited internal diversity, closely related to a 2014 Ugandan case. Our findings suggest that the Rwandan lineage diverged decades ago from a common ancestor shared with diversity sampled from bats in Uganda. Our genomic data reveal limited genetic variation, consistent with a single zoonotic transmission event and limited human-to-human transmission. Investigations including contact tracing, clinical assessments, sequencing and serology, linked the index case to a mining cave inhabited by Rousettus aegyptiacus. Serology tests identified three individuals seropositive for immunoglobulin G and immunoglobulin M, further supporting the zoonotic origin of the outbreak through human-animal interactions.
Indexed as
Disease OutbreaksMarburgvirusMarburg Virus DiseaseAdultAnimalsChiropteraFemaleGenetic VariationGenome, ViralGenomicsHumansMalePhylogenyRwandaZoonoses
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390
Registered trials
None linked
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.