Trial reportJournal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology2025
Phase II Trial of Risk-Enabled Therapy After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy for Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (RETAIN 1).
Trial report in Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Clinical complete response as a surrogate for pathological response in bladder cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BJU international · 2026Pooled it
- The Local Effects of Systemic Therapies in Urological Oncology: A Systematic Review.Cancer medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Ipilimumab and nivolumab followed by chemoradiotherapy as bladder-sparing treatment in muscle-invasive bladder cancer: a phase 2 trial.Nature medicine · 2026Trial
- Urinary protein semi-quantification in immunochemotherapy for bladder cancer: markers of clinical outcomes.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Trial
- Relationship Among DNA Damage Response Gene Alterations, Molecular Subtypes, and Survival Outcomes in Patients With Metastatic Bladder Cancer Treated on CALGB 90601.JCO precision oncology · 2025Trial
- Neoadjuvant Cisplatin-Based Chemotherapy Followed by Selective Bladder Preservation Chemoradiotherapy in Muscle-Invasive Urothelial Carcinoma of the Bladder: Post Hoc Analysis of Two Prospective Studies.Cancer research and treatment · 2024Trial
- Neoadjuvant Atezolizumab With Gemcitabine and Cisplatin in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer: A Multicenter, Single-Arm, Phase II Trial.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2022Trial
- Phase II Study of Gemcitabine and Split-Dose Cisplatin Plus Pembrolizumab as Neoadjuvant Therapy Before Radical Cystectomy in Patients With Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Journal of clinical oncology : official journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology · 2021Trial
- Development and validation of a computational histology artificial intelligence-powered prognostic biomarker in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Urologic oncology · 2026Article
- DNA damage response pathway alterations in urothelial carcinoma: a road to precision oncology or a dead-end street?The oncologist · 2026Review
- Integrating clinically actionable biomarkers into bladder cancer care - recommendations from the International Bladder Cancer Group.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- AI-MIRACLE: Artificial Intelligence and MultIpaRAmetric MRI Predict CLinical OutcomEs to Neoadjuvant Immunotherapy in Patients with Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer Undergoing Radical Cystectomy.European urology oncology · 2026Article
- A ferroptosis-suppressive state drives resistance to bladder-preserving chemoradiotherapy in muscle-invasive bladder cancer.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Article
- Systems Biology and Multi-Omics Determinants of Response to Bladder-Preserving Trimodality Therapy in Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- ASO Practice Guidelines Series: Surgical Management of Bladder Cancer Relapse.Annals of surgical oncology · 2026Review
- Dynamic Precision Oncology for Real-Time Molecular Monitoring and Management in Urothelial Carcinoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Optimizing local control in the surgical management of bladder cancer.Nature reviews. Urology · 2026Review
- Review
- Review
- Novel Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor and Antibody-Drug Conjugate Approaches in the Perioperative Management of Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
19 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeCisplatin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) followed by cystectomy is the standard of care for patients with muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). Mutations in DNA damage repair genes are associated with pathologic downstaging after NAC. We hypothesized that a combination of biomarker selection and clinical staging would identify patients for cystectomy-sparing active surveillance (AS). PATIENTS AND
methodsWe conducted a single-arm, phase II, noninferiority trial to evaluate a risk-adapted approach for MIBC. Patients with cT2-T3N0M0 MIBC underwent NAC with accelerated methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin, and cisplatin (AMVAC). Pre-NAC transurethral bladder tumor specimens were sequenced for mutations in
resultsSeventy patients were enrolled, 33 (47%) had a mutation, and 25 (36%) began per-protocol AS. With a median follow-up of 40 months, the 2-year MFS for all patients was 72.9% (lower bound exact one-sided 95% CI, 62.8). The 2-year MFS was 76.0% in the AS group (95% CI, 54.2 to 88.4) and 71.1% (95% CI, 55.5 to 82.1) in the remaining patients. In the AS group, 17 patients (68%) had some recurrence and 12 (48%) were metastasis-free with an intact bladder. The 2-year overall survival (OS) was 84.3% (95% CI, 73.4 to 91.0); OS was 88.0% (95% CI, 67.3 to 96.0) and 82.2% (95% CI, 67.6 to 90.7) in the AS and not-AS groups, respectively.
conclusionPatients with MIBC treated with AMVAC followed by a risk-adapted approach to local consolidation achieved a 2-year MFS rate of 73%. The primary end point was not met, but 17% of all enrolled patients and 48% of the AS group avoided cystectomy without metastatic disease.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.