ArticleThe Veterinary record2025
Clinical disease in British sheep infected with an emerging strain of bluetongue virus serotype 3.
Article in The Veterinary record, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Field-Applicable Method for Bluetongue Virus Detection Using Filter Paper Cards.Veterinary sciences · 2026Article
- Winter activity and virus infection of Culicoides biting midges (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in German livestock housing before and during the 2024 BTV-3 outbreak.Parasites & vectors · 2026Article
- Bluetongue virus: current perspectives on characterisation and the need to formalise nomenclature in an era of rapidly evolving technology.The Journal of general virology · 2026Review
- Expression of bluetongue virus core proteins VP2 and VP7 by bovine herpesvirus-4 confers protection against virulent challenge in a mouse model.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- The changing landscape of bluetongue in northern Europe.Journal of medical entomology · 2026Review
- Bluetongue in ruminants: Global epidemiology, pathogenesis, and advances in diagnostic and control strategies within a One Health framework.Veterinary world · 2025Review
- Experimental BTV-3 and BTV-8 infection of Culicoides sonorensis biting midges.Parasites & vectors · 2025Article
- Article
- First Detection of Bluetongue Virus Type 3 in Poland in 2024-A Case Study in European Bison (Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Clinical disease in British sheep infected with an emerging strain of bluetongue virus serotype 3.The Veterinary record · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundBluetongue virus serotype 3 (BTV-3) was detected for the first time in cattle and sheep in southern England in 2023, the first UK BTV incursion for more than 15 years. Clinical signs were not observed, yet severe clinical disease and mortality were reported during recent BTV-3 outbreaks in northern Europe.
methodsTo investigate the clinical disease and infection kinetics associated with this UK BTV-3 strain, five British sheep were infected with a UK BTV-3 isolate using Culicoides biting midges. Clinical signs, pathology, infection dynamics, immune responses and Culicoides infection rates were assessed.
resultsAll sheep were infected with BTV-3 and developed mild to moderate clinical bluetongue disease, characterised by fever, haemorrhagic diarrhoea, lameness, depression and widespread petechial haemorrhage. Three sheep reached clinical humane endpoints and were euthanased. Clinical signs/severity, infection kinetics and immune responses were highly variable. Infectious BTV-3 was isolated from sheep blood up to 28 days postinfection. LIMITATIONS: The impact of BTV-3 infection on British cattle and infection rate in UK Culicoides require investigation to fully determine the risk of this strain to UK livestock.
conclusionsThis study confirms the potential impact of a BTV-3 incursion/outbreak on the UK sheep population, highlighting the need for an effective vaccine.
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