High-throughput discovery and deep characterization of cyclin-CDK docking motifs.

Cyclin-CDKs are master regulators of cell division. In addition to directly activating the CDK, the cyclin subunit regulates CDK specificity by binding short peptide "docking" motifs in CDK substrates. Here, we measure the relative binding strength of ~100,000 peptides to 11 human cyclins from five cyclin families (D, E, A, B and F). Using a quantitative intracellular binding assay and large-scale tiled peptide screening, we identified a range of non-canonical binders that unveil a broader than anticipated repertoire of cyclin docking motif types. Structural and saturation mutagenesis studies revealed distinct binding modes and sequence features that govern motif recognition, binding strength, and cyclin preference. Docking motifs vary from highly selective to pan-cyclin, thereby fine-tuning the timing of CDK phosphorylation during cell cycle progression. Overall, these findings provide an unprecedented depth of understanding about the rules encoding specificity and affinity within a group of related but distinct protein domains.