ArticleFrontiers in human neuroscience2024
Olfactory neurofeedback: current state and possibilities for further development.
Article in Frontiers in human neuroscience, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- High-Accuracy Detection of Odor Presence from Olfactory Bulb Local Field Potentials via Deep Neural Networks.Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Integrating olfactory assessments in consciousness disorders: methodologies and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in neurology · 2026Review
- Scents modulate anxiety levels, but electroencephalographic and electrocardiographic assessments could diverge from subjective reports: a pilot study.Frontiers in behavioral neuroscience · 2025Article
- [Depressive disorders and olfactory dysfunction].Zhong nan da xue xue bao. Yi xue ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical sciencesReview
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This perspective considers the novel concept of olfactory neurofeedback (O-NFB) within the framework of brain-computer interfaces (BCIs), where olfactory stimuli are integrated in various BCI control loops. In particular, electroencephalography (EEG)-based O-NFB systems are capable of incorporating different components of complex olfactory processing - from simple discrimination tasks to using olfactory stimuli for rehabilitation of neurological disorders. In our own work, EEG theta and alpha rhythms were probed as control variables for O-NFB. Additionaly, we developed an olfactory-based instructed-delay task. We suggest that the unique functions of olfaction offer numerous medical and consumer applications where O-NFB is combined with sensory inputs of other modalities within a BCI framework to engage brain plasticity. We discuss the ways O-NFB could be implemented, including the integration of different types of olfactory displays in the experiment set-up and EEG features to be utilized. We emphasize the importance of synchronizing O-NFB with respiratory rhythms, which are known to influence EEG patterns and cognitive processing. Overall, we expect that O-NFB systems will contribute to both practical applications in the clinical world and the basic neuroscience of olfaction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.