Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39676506›Full record

ArticleAutism : the international journal of research and practice2025

Policing Black autistic children: A qualitative approach to understanding Black caregivers' concerns.

Ashlee Yates Flanagan, Meredith Cola, Naomi Yu, Haley Peele, Keeana Dicette, Grace Hicks, Maggie Rose Pelella, Ayana King-Pointer, Jamiel Owens, Dieu M Truong and 13 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Autism : the international journal of research and practice, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Short report: Autistic adults' perceptions of gender, autism, and policing in the United States.Autism : the international journal of research and practice · 2026
    Article
  2. Police Contact and Mental Health Among Adolescents With Autism: Findings From the UK Millennium Cohort Study.The Journal of adolescent health : official publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine · 2025
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Ashlee Yates FlanaganChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-8428-2820
Meredith ColaChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-6737-6828
Naomi YuChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
Haley PeeleUniversity of California, San Francisco, USA.
Keeana DicetteChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
Grace HicksChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
Maggie Rose PelellaChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
Ayana King-PointerChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
Jamiel OwensChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
Dieu M TruongTexana Center, USA.ORCID 0000-0002-9339-3100
Aili HauptmannChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
Juan PachecoSaint Joseph's University, USA.
Alison RussellThe University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, USA.
Amanda LeeChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.ORCID 0009-0004-3973-6338
Sarah SchillingerChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
Maxine CovelloChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
Meg LyonsChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
Rita SolórzanoFloreo, Inc., USA.
Sinan TurnaciogluFloreo, Inc., USA.
Vijay RavindranFloreo, Inc., USA.
Joseph P McCleeryChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
Judith S MillerChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.
Julia Parish-MorrisChildren's Hospital of Philadelphia, USA.

Funding

The Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities Research Center (IDDRC) at CHOP/PennP50HD105354 · NICHD · CHILDREN'S HOSP OF PHILADELPHIA · PI ERIC D MARSH, ROBERT Thomas SCHULTZ · 2021 to 2026
$9.2M
Immersive Virtual Reality as a Tool to Improve Police Safety in Adolescents and Adults with ASDR42MH115539 · NIMH · FLOREO, INC. · PI PARISH-MORRIS, JULIA, RAVINDRAN, VIJAY · 2017 to 2020
$2.3M
NICHD NIH HHS P50 HD105354NIMH NIH HHS R42 MH115539
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In the United States, Black autistic youth face elevated risk of negative outcomes during police interactions. Although the outcomes of these interactions are well-documented, less is known about Black autistic youths' experiences during police encounters, as the current literature has largely examined the experiences of autistic adults, mostly White American samples, and/or autistic youth abroad. This study utilizes qualitative methods to examine the perceptions and concerns of 43 Black caregivers (N = 43; 98% parents; 2% legal guardians; 93% mothers) of Black autistic children (mean age: 16.5; 79% male) regarding police interactions with their autistic children. Four themes emerged: concerns regarding the

Indexed as

Autistic DisorderBlack or African AmericanCaregiversPoliceAdolescentAdultChildFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedParentsQualitative ResearchUnited StatesWhiteYoung AdultautismBlackcaregiverslaw enforcementpolicequalitative

Identifiers

PMID39676506
PMCPMC12040581

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.