ArticleJapanese journal of ophthalmology2025
2021 trends in the treatment of patients with strabismus in Japan.
Article in Japanese journal of ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The global prevalence of horizontal strabismus: A systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on ethnic variation.Survey of ophthalmologyPooled it
- Nationwide Multicenter Survey of Severe Complications of Strabismus Surgery in Japan: Japanese Strabismus Surgery Study.Ophthalmology science · 2026Article
- The global prevalence of horizontal strabismus: a systematic review and meta-analysis with a focus on ethnic variation.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo clarify the actual status of strabismus surgery and botulinum toxin (BTX) therapy in Japan in the year 2021. STUDY
designCross-sectional study.
methodsWe conducted a national survey of strabismus treatment in 2021 using a questionnaire consistent with a previous 2013 survey, incorporating additional questions about BTX therapy.
resultsAmong the 378 responding institutions, strabismus surgery or BTX therapy, or both, was performed at 185 institutions (49%; total cases, 10,767). In 151 (40%), 32 (8%), and 2 (1%) institutions, surgery only, surgery and BTX therapy, and BTX therapy only were performed, respectively. The distribution of institutions where strabismus surgery was performed consisted of 4 prefectures, accounting for 48% of the total, whereas no strabismus surgery was performed at any institution in 3 prefectures. Although the highest percentage of patients (23%) was aged between 10 and 19 years, 48.2% of the patients were aged 20 years or older, and 17% of them were aged 60 years or older. Exotropia (XT) was the most common type of strabismus (55%) followed by esotropia (ET) (24%). In terms of complex surgeries, 80.2% (more than 100 cases) were performed at institutions with more than 100 cases. Of the 34 institutions where BTX therapy was performed, 52% were performed at a single institution, and 18% were performed at 2 institutions where no strabismus surgery was performed. Patients with scarring in the extraocular muscles, such as thyroid eye disease, were the most treated, followed by those with ET, who were mainly given injection treatment.
conclusionInstitutions where strabismus surgery and BTX therapy could be performed were concentrated and limited.
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