Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39675440›Full record

ArticleMicrobial pathogenesis2025

Extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities and biofilm formation in Candida species isolated from people living with human immunodeficiency virus with oropharyngeal candidiasis at HIV/AIDS clinics in Uganda.

Benson Musinguzi, Andrew Akampurira, Hope Derick, Laban Turyamuhika, Alex Mwesigwa, Edson Mwebesa, Vicent Mwesigye, Immaculate Kabajulizi, Tahalu Sekulima, Francis Ocheng and 4 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Microbial pathogenesis, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 5 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
5citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

5 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Review
  3. Neonatal Candida infections in Brazil: study on virulence and antifungal susceptibility with predominance of non-albicans Candida.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026
    Observational
  4. Article
  5. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

  • Update of
    2024
5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

14 authors.

Benson MusinguziDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, P.O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda.
Andrew AkampuriraDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda.
Hope DerickDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Muni University, P.O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda.
Laban TuryamuhikaDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
Alex MwesigwaDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, School of Medicine, P.O. Box 317, Kabale University, Kabale, Uganda.
Edson MwebesaDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Muni University, P.O. Box 725, Arua, Uganda.
Vicent MwesigyeDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Immaculate KabajuliziMycology Unit, Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mbarara University of Science and Technology, P.O. Box 1410, Mbarara, Uganda.
Tahalu SekulimaDepartment of Biotechnology and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Animal Resources and Biosecurity, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
Francis OchengDepartment of Dentistry, School of Health Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
Herbert ItabangiDepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Busitema University, P.O Box 1460, Mbale, Uganda.
Gerald MboowaDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda; African Centre of Excellence in Bioinformatics and Data-Intensive Sciences, Infectious Diseases Institute, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 22418, Kampala, Uganda.
Obondo James SandeDepartment of Immunology and Molecular Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7072, Kampala, Uganda.
Beatrice AchanDepartment of Medical Microbiology, School of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, P.O. Box 7072, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda. Electronic address: beatriceachan@yahoo.co.uk.

Funding

NURTURE:Research Training and Mentoring Program for Career Development of Faculty at Makerere University College of Health SciencesD43TW010132 · FIC · MAKERERE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF HEALTH SCIENCES · PI SEWANKAMBO, NELSON K · 2015 to 2019
$4.3M
FIC NIH HHS D43 TW010132
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundCommensal oral Candida species can become opportunistic and transition to pathogenic causes of oropharyngeal candidiasis (OPC) in individuals with impaired immunity through ecological cues and the expression of extracellular hydrolytic enzyme activities and biofilm formation.

objectiveWe evaluated phospholipase, proteinase, hemolysin, esterase, and coagulase enzymatic activities and biofilm formation in Candida species isolated from people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) with OPC.

methodsThirty-five Candida isolates from PLHIV with OPC were retrieved from a sample repository and evaluated for phospholipase activity using the egg yolk agar method, proteinase activity using the bovine serum albumin agar method, hemolysin activity using the blood agar plate method, esterase activity using the Tween 80 opacity test medium method, coagulase activity using the classical tube method, and biofilm formation using the microtiter plate assay method in vitro.

resultsA total of 35 Candida isolates obtained from PLHIV with OPC were included in this study, and phospholipase and proteinase activities were detected in 33/35 (94.3 %) and 31/35 (88.6 %) Candida isolates, respectively. Up to 25/35 (71.4 %) of the Candida isolates exhibited biofilm formation, whereas esterase activity was demonstrated in 23/35 (65.7 %) of the Candida isolates. Fewer isolates (21/35, 60 %) produced hemolysin, and coagulase production was the least common virulence activity detected in 18/35 (51.4 %) of the Candida isolates.

conclusionPhospholipase and proteinase activities were the strongest in oropharyngeal Candida species.

Indexed as

BiofilmsCandidaCandidiasis, OralHIV InfectionsHydrolasesEsterasesHemolysin ProteinsHumansPeptide HydrolasesPhospholipasesUgandaEsterasesHemolysin ProteinsHydrolasesPeptide HydrolasesPhospholipasesBiofilmCoagulaseEsteraseHemolysinPhospholipaseProteinase

Identifiers

PMID39675440
PMCPMC11745906

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.