ArticlePharmacoEconomics - open2025
Health-Economic Modelling of Improved Behavior in Insulin Injection Technique in Belgium.
Article in PharmacoEconomics - open, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Pen Needle Reuse in People with Diabetes Who Inject Insulin: A Narrative Review.Diabetes therapy : research, treatment and education of diabetes and related disorders · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAdequate insulin injection technique (IIT) is crucial to optimize the efficacy of diabetes therapy. Widespread non-practice of injection-site rotation and frequent reuse of insulin pen needles (PN) promote high rates of lipohypertrophy (LH) among people living with diabetes (PwD). LH is associated with increased insulin requirement and suboptimal insulin absorption leading to worsened glycemic control and increased risk for hypoglycemia. Avoiding out-of-the-pocket patient costs of PN could reduce PN reuse, thereby limiting its contribution to LH occurrence.
objectivesA model was developed to compute the impact of a behavior shift in reuse on clinical and economic outcomes for type 1 and insulin-treated type 2 diabetes populations in Belgium.
methodsPatient populations were characterized by treatment-specific characteristics and grouped by their frequency of PN replacement. The intervention was modelled to cause a change in reuse frequency, with the effects propagating downstream of the model. Model and input parameters were based on literature research and expert opinions from a Delphi panel, since available data was found to be limited, incomplete or inconsistent and assumptions were needed.
resultsUsing the current situation as comparator, this analysis showed a reduction of healthcare expenditures following an improvement in IIT. Considering a 5-year time horizon, this study yields potential savings of 52.6 million euros (28.1-77.9 million euros) when 55% of PwD improve PN reuse behavior.
conclusionOur model shows that even in an era of technological advances and established diabetes care, lack of adherence to correct IIT has an important impact on economic and health outcomes of PwD in Belgium.
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Registered trials
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