Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39673793›Full record

ReviewNucleic acids research2025

When repetita no-longer iuvant: somatic instability of the CAG triplet in Huntington's disease.

Elena Cattaneo, Davide Scalzo, Martina Zobel, Raffaele Iennaco, Camilla Maffezzini, Dario Besusso, Simone Maestri

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nucleic acids research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Towards AI-driven prediction ofJournal of Huntington's disease · 2026
    Article
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Elena CattaneoDepartment of Biosciences, University of Milan, street Giovanni Celoria, 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0755-4917
Davide ScalzoDepartment of Biosciences, University of Milan, street Giovanni Celoria, 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0009-0006-6020-1287
Martina ZobelDepartment of Biosciences, University of Milan, street Giovanni Celoria, 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0009-0000-4812-3809
Raffaele IennacoDepartment of Biosciences, University of Milan, street Giovanni Celoria, 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-7309-7232
Camilla MaffezziniDepartment of Biosciences, University of Milan, street Giovanni Celoria, 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-0397-1609
Dario BesussoDepartment of Biosciences, University of Milan, street Giovanni Celoria, 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-9793-9644
Simone MaestriDepartment of Biosciences, University of Milan, street Giovanni Celoria, 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0002-1192-0684

Funding

C.H.D.I. Foundation JSC A11103European Research Council 742436European Union's Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Program 874758Fondazione Telethon GMR23T1059Hereditary Disease FoundationMinistero dell'Istruzione, dell'Università e della Ricerca 2022LBENTH
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Trinucleotide repeats in DNA exhibit a dual nature due to their inherent instability. While their rapid expansion can diversify gene expression during evolution, exceeding a certain threshold can lead to diseases such as Huntington's disease (HD), a neurodegenerative condition, triggered by >36 C-A-G repeats in exon 1 of the Huntingtin gene. Notably, the discovery of somatic instability (SI) of the tract allows these mutations, inherited from an affected parent, to further expand throughout the patient's lifetime, resulting in a mosaic brain with specific neurons exhibiting variable and often extreme CAG lengths, ultimately leading to their death. Genome-wide association studies have identified genetic variants-both cis and trans, including mismatch repair modifiers-that modulate SI, as shown in blood cells, and influence HD's age of onset. This review will explore the evidence for SI in HD and its role in disease pathogenesis, as well as the therapeutic implications of these findings. We conclude by emphasizing the urgent need for reliable methods to quantify SI for diagnostic and prognostic purposes.

Indexed as

Genomic InstabilityHuntington DiseaseTrinucleotide Repeat ExpansionTrinucleotide RepeatsAnimalsGenome-Wide Association StudyHumansHuntingtin ProteinHTT protein, humanHuntingtin Protein

Identifiers

PMID39673793
PMCPMC11724284

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.