ArticleThe Journal of pediatrics2025
High-Risk Infant Developmental Outcome Is Associated with Medical Complexity and Neighborhood Opportunity.
Article in The Journal of pediatrics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- Parent understanding and satisfaction with NICU discharge for infants with medical complexity: a scoping review of discharge instruction tools.BMC pediatrics · 2026Article
- NICU to neighborhood: structural drivers shape health inequities for preterm infants.Pediatric research · 2026Article
- Parent Understanding and Satisfaction with NICU Discharge for Infants with Medical Complexity: A Scoping Review of Discharge Instruction Tools.Research square · 2026Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo assess how medical complexity and neighborhood opportunity jointly affect cognitive, motor, and language Bayley Scales of Infant Development. Secondary objectives involved identifying the factors contributing to developmental disparities across diverse racial and ethnic groups. STUDY
designElectronic health records from a Southern California high-risk infant follow-up clinic were analyzed for 440 infants from 2014 through 2023 who had either had neonatal intensive care unit stays, prematurity, very low birth weight, or developmental delay risk. Medical complexity was categorized using the Pediatric Medical Complexity Algorithm into complex chronic (CC), noncomplex chronic, or nonchronic (NC). Neighborhood opportunity was assessed using the Child Opportunity Index 2.0. Developmental progress was tracked from ages 4 to 35.6 months.
resultsOf the cohort, 56% were male, and 67% were born prematurely, with 143 NC, 115 noncomplex chronic, and 182 CC cases. Developmental scores showed a progressive decline with increased medical complexity. Infants who were CC had lower cognitive (β = -15.20, P < .001, 95% CI -18.75, -11.7), motor (β = -20.50, P < .001, 95% CI -24.25, -16.8), and language scores (β = -11.88, P < .001, 95% CI = -15.13 to -8.6) compared with infants who were NC. Lower Child Opportunity Index score was linked with decreased language scores (β = -0.07, P = .005, 95% CI 0.01-0.12) but not cognitive or motor scores.
conclusionsIn high-risk infants, the adverse effects of medical complexities on developmental outcomes exceeded those of prematurity and additionally varied according to child neighborhood opportunity.
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