ArticleHealth & place2025
Exploring the association between neighborhood disadvantage and cannabis retail density: A multi-measure analysis.
Article in Health & place, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Neighborhood Disadvantage and Adolescent Substance Use: Differences by Urbanicity and Substance Type.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2026Article
- Disparities in Exposure to Cannabis Marketing and Perceptions of Inequalities in Possession Treatment: Differences Across Intersections of Sociodemographic Subgroups.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Article
- Economic instability and substance use among adults in 10 US states: Evidence from a population-based study.PloS one · 2026Article
- Unequal access: cross-sectional associations of deprivation, racial composition and independent and joint cannabis and alcohol outlet densities among Michigan census block groups.BMJ public health · 2026Article
- Adult-use cannabis legalization in the united states: a scoping review of outcome monitoring recommendations.BMC public health · 2025Article
- Relationship Between Cannabis Dispensary Density, Proximity, and Attitudes Toward Medical Cannabis: A Cross-Sectional Study.Health science reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThere is growing interest in the relationship between neighborhood disadvantage and increased cannabis retail density, driven by evidence suggesting higher density is associated with increased cannabis use. Yet little is known on how this relationship varies across different measures of cannabis retail density. This study explores how measures of neighborhood advantage and disadvantage relate to four cannabis retail density measures in the US.
methodsData on licensed recreational cannabis retailers (n = 5586) were obtained from 18 state agency websites, geocoded, and spatially joined to 3369 census tracts to calculate four retail density measures: count per tract, cannabis retailers per 1000 population, per square mile, and per 10 miles of roadway. Multilevel regression models assessed the association between three Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) measures-capturing tract concentration of racial and economic advantage/disadvantage-and the four cannabis retail density measures.
resultsCensus tracts with the highest concentrations of economic and racialized/economic disadvantage exhibited greater odds of increased cannabis retail density across all measures, compared to tracts with the highest concentration of advantage. Tracts with the greatest concentration of racialized populations did not show a higher count or density per population but did exhibit higher density per square mile and per roadway.
conclusionOn average, cannabis retail density is higher in neighborhoods with the greatest structural disadvantage. Researchers, public health agencies, and policymakers should use multiple measures of cannabis retailer density in surveillance and evaluation efforts to identify policy strategies that would most effectively reduce the clustering of cannabis retailers in areas primarily occupied by low-income or racialized populations.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.