ArticleInflammatory bowel diseases2025
Gender and Sex Differences in Abdominal Pain, Fatigue, And Psychological Symptoms Among Adults with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Network Analysis.
Article in Inflammatory bowel diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Feasibility, Acceptability, and Preliminary Effects of a Nurse-Delivered Self-Management Program for Individuals with Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2026Trial
- No impact of sex or testosterone treatment on wheel running in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease.Biology of sex differences · 2026Article
- Physical, cognitive, and psychosocial fatigue are differently related to cortical complexity of superior temporal and frontal brain regions in Crohn's disease.Frontiers in neuroimaging · 2026Article
- Care needs profiles of Crohn's disease patients and their associations with symptom clusters, post-traumatic growth, and family function: a latent profile analysis.BMC gastroenterology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND
aimsIndividuals with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) experience a high symptom burden, including abdominal pain, fatigue, anxiety, depression, and sleep disturbances; yet, little is known regarding the relationship between sex and gender on symptoms. We sought to report symptom severity for cisgender men, cisgender women, and transgender and gender-diverse (TGD) individuals. In addition, we used network analysis to identify core symptoms and explore if symptoms and their relationships differ between cisgender men and cisgender women.
methodsThis was a cross-sectional study. We recruited adults with IBD online through ResearchMatch. Individuals responded to Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information symptom questionnaires, as well as demographic and clinical questionnaires. Network analysis was used to identify the core symptoms driving the symptom structure.
resultsOne-hundred and fifty-seven (63.3%) participants identified as cisgender women, 84 (33.9%) as cisgender men, and 7 (2.8%) as TGD. Cisgender men (M = 61.8) and TGD (M = 61.3) groups reported higher abdominal pain levels compared with cisgender women (M = 57.8; P = .02). Transgender and gender-diverse individuals reported higher depression levels (M = 64.8) compared with cisgender men (M = 56.7) and cisgender women (M = 54.4; P = .01). Using a network analysis approach, anxiety and fatigue emerged as core symptoms for the entire sample (clinically active and inactive disease), and among only those with active clinical disease. Fatigue was a top core symptom for cisgender women; anxiety emerged as a top core symptom for cisgender men.
conclusionsThis study highlights that fatigue and anxiety are core symptoms among individuals with IBD and demonstrates a potential sex and/or gender difference in core symptoms. Replication of this study is needed with further consideration of inclusion of TGD patients.
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