ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2025
Estimating Standard-Dose and High-Dose Fluzone Vaccine Efficacies for Influenza A Based on Hemagglutination Inhibition Titers.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe high-dose (HD) Fluzone influenza vaccine is recommended for individuals aged ≥65 years due to its improved antibody responses and vaccine efficacy (VE) over the standard-dose (SD) formulation. Since influenza vaccines are frequently reformulated, monitoring VE changes is crucial. Traditional efficacy trials are costly and time-consuming, but immunogenicity studies using hemagglutination inhibition (HAI) titers-a reliable correlate of protection-can be used to estimate VE more efficiently.
methodsWe analyzed data from a human vaccine cohort who received either the SD or HD Fluzone split-inactivated influenza vaccine during influenza seasons 2013-2014 to 2021-2022. We used a previously developed statistical model to map pre- and postvaccination HAI titers to protection probabilities, and computed differences in VE of the HD vaccine in older (≥65 years) populations compared to SD vaccines in the same age group and in younger (<65 years) adults.
resultsWe found that the HD vaccine generally improved the estimated VE in older adults. We also found that HD recipients often had a lower estimated VE than younger SD recipients.
conclusionsWhile HD vaccines lead to a small increase in estimated VE compared to SD in older adults, further increases in dose or other developments to improve VE should be considered.
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