ArticleIn vitro models2024
Scaffold-free development of multicellular tumor spheroids with spatial characterization of structure and metabolic radial profiles.
Article in In vitro models, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Multimodal Biophysical Analysis of Morpho-Phenotypic and Morpho-Functional Dynamics in Normal and Cancer Spheroids within Engineered Microenvironments.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2026Article
- Three-dimensional spheroid models in breast cancer: tumor microenvironment complexity, cancer stem cell-driven resistance, and translational model integration.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Review
- Natural Killer Cell Immunotherapy in Solid Tumors: Microenvironmental Obstacles and Translational 3D Models.Biology · 2026Review
- Submicromolar imaging of intrinsic chromophores by two-photon photothermal microscopy captures mitochondrial response to chemotherapy.Science advances · 2026Article
- Magnetic Reprogramming of Macrophages Stimulates Phagocytosis of Breast Cancer Cells via a TRPC1-STING Inflammatory Axis.Smart medicine · 2026Article
- Spheroids reveal hypoxia‑driven spatial restriction of adenoviral infection.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Reversal of ABCG2-mediated drug resistance by tinodasertib (ETC-206).Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Quantifying treatment response to a macrophage-targeted therapy in combination with immune checkpoint inhibitors after exposure to conventional chemotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Purpose: Methods: The goal of this study was to create a 3D spheroid model using cancer cells and macrophages, and to demonstrate a custom image analysis program to assess structural and metabolic changes across spheroid microregions. Results: Structural characterization shows that cells at the necrotic core show high normalized fluorescence intensities of CD206 (M2 macrophages), cellular apoptosis (cleaved caspase-3, CC3), and hypoxia (HIF-1α and HIF-2α) compared to the proliferative edge, which shows high normalized fluorescence intensities of CD80 (M1 macrophages) and cellular proliferation (Ki67). Metabolic characterization was performed using multiphoton microscopy and fluorescence lifetime imaging (FLIM). Results show that the mean NADH lifetime at the necrotic core (1.011 ± 0.086 ns) was lower than that at the proliferative edge (1.105 ± 0.077 ns). The opposite trend is shown in the A1/A2 ratio (necrotic core: 4.864 ± 0.753; proliferative edge: 4.250 ± 0.432). Conclusion: Overall, the results of this study show that 3D multicellular spheroid models can provide a reliable solution for studying tumor biology, allowing for the evaluation of discrete changes across all spheroid microregions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.