ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Mechanisms governing bystander activation of T cells.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Assessing the Risk of Myocarditis Post-COVID-19 Vaccination: A Systematic Review of Case Reports from 2023 to 2025.Cardiovascular toxicology · 2026Pooled it
- PARP7 inhibition and a STING agonist potentiate radiation-induced immunogenicity in glioblastoma.Oncoimmunology · 2026Article
- SM03, a non-depleting anti-CD22 antibody, modulates B cell activation and immune crosstalk to attenuate autoimmunity.Journal of translational autoimmunity · 2026Article
- Next-generation LMP2A-targeting TCR-recombinant T cells with inducible IL-18 expression to treat EBV-associated malignancies.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- Review
- Stress Hyperglycemia Drives CD4Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- SARS-CoV-2 E protein induces rapid TLR2-mediated T cell activation in mouse lungs revealed by intravital lung microscopy.The European respiratory journal · 2026Article
- Article
- DCIR-mediated inhibitory regulation of TLR7-MyD88 axis prevents autoimmune neuroinflammation.iScience · 2026Article
- CD8Nature reviews. Cardiology · 2026Review
- Targeting the pMHC-TCR Interaction: Molecular Strategies and Therapeutic Potential in Autoimmunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Immuno-Mechanical Signaling Network Integration in Temporomandibular Joint Pathology: A TMID Conceptual Framework.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- Metabolic adaptations rewire CD4Nature immunology · 2026Article
- Dual role of IFNγ in reprogramming the undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma cell line JBT19 towards cytotoxic chemotherapy and antitumor immunity.Oncology letters · 2026Article
- Symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infections broaden the repertoire of Spike-reactive CD4 T cells.mBio · 2026Article
- Reprogramming the immunosuppressive breast cancer microenvironment: integrating cellular, metabolic, and stromal targets for rational immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- CD8+ T cells drive myofibroblast activation and contraction via JAK/STAT3 and TGFβ signaling.iScience · 2025Article
- HIV-Induced Apoptosis: Host Defense and Viral Strategy.Biology · 2025Review
- Dietary Spirulina platensis enhances immune responses and modulates gut microbiota and microbial function in laying hens.Poultry science · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The immune system is endowed with the capacity to distinguish between self and non-self, so-called immune tolerance or "consciousness of the immune system." This type of awareness is designed to achieve host protection by eliminating cells expressing a wide range of non-self antigens including microbial-derived peptides. Such a successful immune response is associated with the secretion of a whole spectrum of soluble mediators, e.g., cytokines and chemokines, which not only contribute to the clearance of infected host cells but also activate T cells that are not specific to the original cognate antigen. This kind of non-specific T-cell activation is called "bystander activation." Although it is well-established that this phenomenon is cytokine-dependent, there is evidence in the literature showing the involvement of peptide/MHC recognition depending on the type of T-cell subset (naive vs. memory). Here, we will summarize our current understanding of the mechanism(s) of bystander T-cell activation as well as its biological significance in a wide range of diseases including microbial infections, cancer, auto- and alloimmunity, and chronic inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.