Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39669125›Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2025

An ATP-activated spatiotemporally controlled hydrogel prodrug system for treating multidrug-resistant bacteria-infected pressure ulcers.

Xiaoliang Qi, Yajing Xiang, Ying Li, Jiajia Wang, Yuxi Chen, Yulong Lan, Jinsong Liu, Jianliang Shen

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
47citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  9. TWOJournal of clinical medicine · 2026
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  11. Polysaccharides self-healing hydrogel for skin regeneration.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2026
    Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Xiaoliang QiNational Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
Yajing XiangSchool & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
Ying LiZhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China.
Jiajia WangZhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China.
Yuxi ChenSchool & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
Yulong LanZhejiang Engineering Research Center for Tissue Repair Materials, Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325001, China.
Jinsong LiuSchool & Hospital of Stomatology, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.
Jianliang ShenNational Engineering Research Center of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, 325027, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-activated prodrug approaches demonstrate potential in antibacterial uses. However, their efficacy frequently faces obstacles due to uncontrolled premature activation and spatiotemporal distribution differences under physiological circumstances. Herein, we present an endogenous ATP-activated prodrug system (termed ISD3) consisting of nanoparticles (indole-3-acetic acid/zeolitic imidazolate framework-8@polydopamine@platinum, IZPP) embedded in a silk fibroin-based hydrogel, aimed at treating multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria-infected pressure ulcers. Initially, an ultraviolet-triggered adhesive ISD3 barrier is formed over the pressure ulcer wound by a simple local injection. Subsequently, the bacteria-secreted ATP prompts the degradation of IZPP, allowing the loaded IAA prodrug and nanozyme to encounter spatiotemporally on a single carrier, thereby efficiently generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Exposure to 808 nm near-infrared light enhances the catalytic reaction speed, boosting ROS levels for stronger antibacterial action. Once optimal antibacterial action is reached, ISD3 switches to a dormant state, halting any further ROS production. Moreover, the bioactive components in ISD3 can exert anti-inflammatory functions, aiding in pressure ulcer recovery. Overall, our research introduces a hydrogel prodrug strategy activated by bacterial endogenous ATP, which precisely manages ROS generation and accelerates the recovery of MDR bacteria-infected pressure ulcers.

Indexed as

Adenosine triphosphate responseHydrogelsMultidrug-resistant bacterial infectionPressure ulcersProdrug systems

Identifiers

PMID39669125
PMCPMC11635604

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.