Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39668310›Full record

ArticleAnnals of surgical oncology2025

Analysis the Burden of Breast Cancer Among Adolescents and Young Adults Using the Global Burden of Disease 2021.

Min Zhang, Linlin Yuan, Meimei Cui, Jiayi Chen, Jingjing Jia, Ming Zhao, Dan Zhou, Liling Zhu, Limei Luo

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of surgical oncology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
15citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

15 citing papers in PubMed.

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  3. Population Dynamic Projections of Near Vision Loss and Refractive Disorders in China and the G20 From 1990 to 2038.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Min ZhangMaternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Linlin YuanDepartment of Science and Education, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
Meimei CuiMaternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Jiayi ChenMaternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Jingjing JiaMaternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Ming ZhaoMaternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Dan ZhouMaternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China.
Liling ZhuSchool of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, Heilongjiang, China.
Limei LuoMaternal and Child Health Development Research Center, Shandong Provincial Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital Affiliated to Qingdao University, Jinan, Shandong, China. jmsllm@163.com.

Funding

Project for High-Level Talents in Shandong Maternal and Child Health Hospital 2022RS13
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundUnique features and worse outcomes have been reported for breast cancers among adolescents and young adults (AYAs; age 15-39 years). However, there are few up-to-date and comprehensive data to analyze the disease burden of AYA breast cancer. PATIENTS AND

methodsThe data of incidence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) owing to breast cancer was obtained from the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2021. We computed estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) of each indicator to capture the secular trend in breast cancer and conducted a decomposition analysis to examine factors behind DALYs changes. We also predicted the incident cases, deaths and DALYs to 2044.

resultsFrom 1990 to 2021, the age-standardized incidence rate (ASIR) experienced an increasing trend globally [EAPC: 0.87, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.77-0.97]. The age-standardized rates (ASRs) of male AYAs breast cancer were all on the rise. The most significant increase trends in ASRs among female AYAs occurred in North Africa and Middle East, while male AYAs showed the highest increases in East Asia. Population growth contributed the most to the growth of DALYs in East Asia. Frontier analysis showed that despite limited resources, some underdeveloped countries still exhibit superior performance, while other countries with higher sociodemographic index have great room for improvement.

conclusionsThe global burden of AYAs breast cancer is grim, especially in North Africa and Middle East. The significant increase in male AYAs breast cancer burden, targeted prevention strategies may need to be developed for AYAs breast cancer by sex and countries.

Indexed as

Breast NeoplasmsCost of IllnessDisability-Adjusted Life YearsGlobal Burden of DiseaseAdolescentAdultFemaleFollow-Up StudiesGlobal HealthHumansIncidenceMalePrognosisQuality-Adjusted Life YearsSurvival RateYoung AdultAdolescents and young adultsAge-standardized incidence rateBreast cancerDisability-adjusted life yearsEstimated annual percentage changes

Identifiers

PMID39668310
PMCPMC11811250

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.