ArticleEuropean archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery2025
The impact of internet resources and artificial intelligence on information on myringotomy tubes.
Article in European archives of oto-rhino-laryngology : official journal of the European Federation of Oto-Rhino-Laryngological Societies (EUFOS) : affiliated with the German Society for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Artificial Intelligence Models for Dysphonia Patient Education.Otolaryngology--head and neck surgery : official journal of American Academy of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeTo compare the quality and readability of patient education materials on myringotomy tubes from artificial intelligence and Google search.
methodsThree questions were posed to ChatGPT and Google Gemini addressing "Condition," "Investigation," and "Treatment" domains. Google was queried for "Ear tubes," "Myringotomy and tubes," and "Tympanostomy tubes." Text quality was assessed using the DISCERN instrument. Readability was assessed using the Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level, Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease scores, and the Fry Readability Graph.
resultsThe average DISCERN score for websites was 52 (SD = 13.1, Median = 55.5), out of 80. The mean Flesch-Kincaid Reading Grade Level was 8 (SD = 3, Median = 7.1), and the mean Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease score was 55 (SD = 12.3, Median = 57.7). ChatGPT and Google Gemini's "Condition" responses each had DISCERN scores of 46, Flesch-Kincaid Grade Levels of 13.1 and 9.5, and Reading Ease scores of 41 and 61. For "Investigation," DISCERN scores were 46 (ChatGPT) and 66 (Google Gemini), Grade Levels were 13.9 and 12.4, and Reading Ease scores were 38.9 and 34.9. For "Treatment," ChatGPT and Google Gemini had DISCERN scores of 45 and 34, Grade Levels of 15.7 and 9.8, and Reading Ease scores of 36.2 and 53.9.
conclusionSites and artificial intelligence providing patient education material regarding myringotomy tubes are of "fair" quality but have readability levels above the recommended 6th grade level. Google search results were superior to artificial intelligence in readability.
Indexed as
Identifiers
39668220What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.