ArticleNature communications2024
How measurement noise limits the accuracy of brain-behaviour predictions.
Article in Nature communications, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 46 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
46 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Brain Association Studies in 2024: A Systematic Review of Sample Sizes and Preregistrations.Psychophysiology · 2026Pooled it
- Trial
- The Impact of Denoising Approaches on the Relationship Between Alzheimer's Disease Diagnostic Status and Network Topology Measures.Human brain mapping · 2026Article
- Effects of working memory and reward reactivity on externalizing behaviors in the ABCD study.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- The recoverability, reliability, and generalizability of reward processing parameters and relation to mental health symptoms.Psychological medicine · 2026Article
- Prediction of cognitive performance by demographics, sleep, and brain morphometry: machine learning findings from ENIGMA-Sleep Working Group.Research square · 2026Article
- External validation improves generalizability, replicability and reproducibility in predictive models for neuroimaging.Nature methods · 2026Review
- Convergent and divergent brain-cognition development in early adolescence.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Task and Resting-State Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Modeling of Brain-Behavior Relationships in Developmental Cohorts.Biological psychiatry · 2026Review
- Cortical Structure in Relation to Empathy and Psychopathy in 800 Incarcerated Men.Biological psychiatry global open science · 2026Article
- Intrinsic connectivity patterns of striatal subfields predict individual dimensions of psychopathology and are associated with cholinergic and serotonergic neurotransmission in schizophrenia.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Development and evaluation of a 15-item health literacy classification model using integrated psychometric approaches in China.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Spontaneous brain regional dynamics contribute to generalizable brain-behaviour associations.Nature human behaviour · 2026Article
- The Importance of Reliable Self-Report Measures to Test PPPD Mechanisms.European journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Independent brain cortical signatures of risk for adolescent cannabis use and consequences of such use are moderated by sex.Neuropsychopharmacology : official publication of the American College of Neuropsychopharmacology · 2026Article
- Dense Phenotyping of Human Brain Network Organization Using Precision fMRI.Annual review of psychology · 2026Review
- An open, fully-processed data resource for studying mood and sleep variability in the developing brain.Aperture neuro · 2026Article
- White Matter Bundle Reconstruction From Single-Shell Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Test-Retest Reliability and Predictive Capability Across Orientation Distribution Function Reconstruction Methods.Human brain mapping · 2025Article
- Multimodal neuroimaging data boosts the prediction of multifaceted cognition.Research square · 2025Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Major efforts in human neuroimaging strive to understand individual differences and find biomarkers for clinical applications by predicting behavioural phenotypes from brain imaging data. To identify generalisable and replicable brain-behaviour prediction models, sufficient measurement reliability is essential. However, the selection of prediction targets is predominantly guided by scientific interest or data availability rather than psychometric considerations. Here, we demonstrate the impact of low reliability in behavioural phenotypes on out-of-sample prediction performance. Using simulated and empirical data from four large-scale datasets, we find that reliability levels common across many phenotypes can markedly limit the ability to link brain and behaviour. Next, using 5000 participants from the UK Biobank, we show that only highly reliable data can fully benefit from increasing sample sizes from hundreds to thousands of participants. Our findings highlight the importance of measurement reliability for identifying meaningful brain-behaviour associations from individual differences and underscore the need for greater emphasis on psychometrics in future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.