Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39666621›Full record

ArticlePloS one2024

Association between Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) insertion/deletion polymorphism and hypertension in a Ghanaian population.

Precious Bonney, Christian Obirikorang, Lawrence Quaye, Peter Paul Dapare, Yussif Adams, Grace Bourawono, Mercy Akaluti, Jemimah Duodu

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In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Precious BonneyDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.ORCID 0009-0006-7681-0722
Christian ObirikorangDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana.
Lawrence QuayeDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
Peter Paul DapareDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
Yussif AdamsDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
Grace BourawonoDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
Mercy AkalutiDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.
Jemimah DuoduDepartment of Biomedical Sciences, University for Development Studies, Tamale, Ghana.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundGenetic modifications in the renin-angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) have been suggested to play a key role in the pathophysiology of hypertension. The insertion/deletion polymorphism of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) gene phenomenon and its relationship with essential hypertension has not been explored within the Ghanaian population. This study aims to determine the relationship between the ACE I/D polymorphism and the risk of essential hypertension among patients seeking medical attention.

methodsThis case-control study was conducted at the Tamale Central Hospital in Ghana. A total of 144 study participants comprising 72 hypertensive patients and 72 normotensive individuals were recruited from May to July 2022. The modified WHO step questionnaire for chronic diseases was used to collect ACE concentrations and electrolytes were estimated and molecular testing conducted using to identify genotypes. To compare continuous variables between two groups and among multiple groups, the Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used respectively. Genotype and allele frequencies were determined through direct counts, while differences in the distribution of alleles and genotypes between groups were estimated using chi-squared test.

resultsThe distribution of DD genotype and D allele respectively was 26.4% and 54% in hypertensives and 50% and 72% in normotensives. DD genotype significantly increased the risk of hypertension after adjusting for age and BMI (aOR = 8.52, 95% C.I = 1.22-59.6). In the recessive model, the risk of hypertension increased four times in subjects with the DD genotype (aOR = 4.09, 95% CI = 1.28-13.05). ACE levels were significantly elevated among hypertensives compared to controls, but did not significantly differ between the DD genotype and II+ID genotypes among hypertensives and normotensive subjects.

conclusionThe study shows that the presence of the DD genotype is strongly associated with an increased risk of hypertension in the Ghanaian population.

Indexed as

Genetic Predisposition to DiseaseHypertensionINDEL MutationPeptidyl-Dipeptidase AAdultAgedAllelesCase-Control StudiesFemaleGene FrequencyGenotypeGhanaHumansMaleMiddle AgedPolymorphism, GeneticACE protein, humanPeptidyl-Dipeptidase A

Identifiers

PMID39666621
PMCPMC11637408

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.