ArticleJournal of neurology2024
Kappa index for multiple sclerosis diagnosis: an accurate biomarker of intrathecal synthesis.
Article in Journal of neurology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.
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Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Kappa Free Light Chains Index in Multiple Sclerosis: From Emerging Evidence to Clinical Application.Journal of neurochemistry · 2026Article
- Beyond oligoclonal bands: the independent role of kappa free light chains in the diagnostic workup of multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2026Article
- Towards primary prevention of multiple sclerosis.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2026Review
- Diagnostic value of the kappa free light chain index in multiple sclerosis under the 2024 CSF positivity criterion: a multicentre study in oligoclonal band-negative patients.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Optimized Kappa-Index Test Protocol to Detect Intrathecal Immunoglobulin Synthesis in Multiple Sclerosis.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Kappa free light chain index as a diagnostic and prognostic biomarker in multiple sclerosis.Journal of neurology · 2025Article
- Real-World Laboratory Analysis of Molecular Biomarkers in Multiple Sclerosis Centers in Central-Eastern European Countries Covering 107 Million Inhabitants.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis.Neurology and therapy · 2025Review
- Multiple sclerosis: 2024 update.Free neuropathology · 2025Review
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) kappa-free light chains (KFLC) are becoming a diagnostic biomarker for multiple sclerosis (MS).
objectivesWe aimed to compare the diagnostic performance of intrathecal synthesis biomarkers to that of oligoclonal bands (OB) in diagnosing MS, radiological and clinical isolated syndromes (RIS-CIS) on a large cohort of patients collected over 10 years.
methodsWe collected 1124 patients (58% females) in 10 years who underwent CSF analysis for intrathecal synthesis in the diagnostic work-up, and they were classified according to their diagnosis as 417 MS, 287 with other neurological inflammatory disorders (including 76 RIS-CIS), and 420 non-inflammatory diseases (excluding lymphoproliferative and infective diagnosis).
resultsMS patients significantly differ from all other groups (including if considering the RIS-CIS cohort) for CSF KFLC, KFLC intrathecal fraction (IF), Kappa index, and OB. Evaluating the diagnostic performance, the Kappa index cut-off was 6.4 for diagnosing MS and 5.7 for predicting OB. A diagnostic algorithm could avoid IEF if the Kappa index is higher than 20.
conclusionsThe KFLC index confirmed its accuracy for MS diagnosis in this large Italian cohort, adding information also in the RIS-CIS population.
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