ArticleArchives of virology2024
Evidence of natural lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) infection and genetic characterization of LSDV strains from water buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in India.
Article in Archives of virology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Lumpy Skin Disease in Cattle and Buffalo in Asian Countries: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Veterinary medicine and science · 2025Pooled it
- Article
- Molecular epidemiological and spatiotemporal analysis of lumpy skin disease outbreaks in cattle from Karnataka, India.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Lumpy skin disease (LSD) has emerged as a threat to cattle production in Asia, and India has been facing LSD epidemics since 2019. Although water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) is susceptible to natural LSDV infection, there have been no confirmed reports of LSDV infection in water buffalo in India. In this study, we investigated suspected cases of LSD in water buffaloes from 12 Indian states and one union territory during 2020-2023. Buffaloes showed mild to moderate clinical disease with fever and nodular skin lesions, but most remained asymptomatic. Eighteen of 177 (10.18%) buffaloes in 12 districts in three states tested positive for LSDV by real-time PCR, while 22 of 57 (38.59%) from nine districts in six states tested positive for LSDV-neutralizing antibodies, demonstrating the prevalence of LSDV infection in buffaloes over a wider geographic area. Successful virus isolation and nucleotide sequencing confirmed natural LSDV infection in buffaloes. Phylogenetic analysis of complete GPCR, RPO30, and EEV gene sequences revealed the presence of wild-type strains of two divergent LSDV lineages (1.2.1 and 1.2.2) in buffaloes. The 1.2.2 strains were closely related to the dominant LSDV strain (subcluster 1.2.2, KSGP-like) circulating in India, while the 1.2.1 strains clustered with strains from the Middle East, Europe, and the Balkans, confirming that there have been multiple introductions of LSDV into India. The detection of viruses with identical sequences in buffaloes and local cattle implied that the LSDV strain found in buffaloes is probably of cattle origin. We also found evidence of cocirculation of LSDV 1.2.1 and 1.2.2 wild-type strains in the same area, highlighting the importance of LSDV surveillance and genetic analysis. This is the first confirmed report of natural LSDV infection in water buffaloes in India. Further investigations are needed to assess the impact of LSDV infection in buffalo production and the role of buffalo in LSD epidemiology.
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