Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39665159›Full record

ArticleAnnals of neurology2025

Atlas of Cerebrospinal Fluid Immune Cells Across Neurological Diseases.

Michael Heming, Anna-Lena Börsch, Simone Melnik, Noemi Gmahl, Louisa Müller-Miny, Christine Dambietz, Lukas Fisch, Timm Kühnel, Tobias J Brix, Alice Janssen and 6 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Annals of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
  3. Article
  4. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

16 authors.

Michael HemingDepartment of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-9568-2790
Anna-Lena BörschDepartment of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Simone MelnikInstitute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Noemi GmahlDepartment of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Louisa Müller-MinyDepartment of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Christine DambietzDepartment of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Lukas FischInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Timm KühnelDepartment of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Tobias J BrixInstitute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Alice JanssenInstitute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Eva SchumannDepartment of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Catharina C GrossDepartment of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Julian VargheseInstitute of Medical Informatics, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Tim HahnInstitute for Translational Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany.
Heinz WiendlDepartment of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.
Gerd Meyer Zu HörsteDepartment of Neurology with Institute of Translational Neurology, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany.ORCID 0000-0002-4341-4719

Funding

Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung NUM-DIZ 01KX2121Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ME4050/12-1Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ME4050/13-1Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft ME4050/8-1F. Hoffmann-La RocheInterdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung Münster MzH3/020/20Interdisziplinäres Zentrum für Klinische Forschung Münster SEED/016/21
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectiveCerebrospinal fluid (CSF) provides unique insights into the brain and neurological diseases. However, the potential of CSF flow cytometry applied on a large scale remains unknown.

methodsWe used data-driven approaches to analyze paired CSF and blood flow cytometry measurements from 8,790 patients (discovery cohort) and CSF only data from 3,201 patients (validation cohort) collected across neurological diseases in a real-world setting.

resultsIn somatoform controls (n = 788), activation of T cells increased with age in both CSF and blood, whereas double negative blood T cells (CD3

interpretationFlow cytometry of CSF and blood thus identifies site-specific aging patterns and disease-overarching patterns of neurodegeneration. ANN NEUROL 2025;97:779-790.

Indexed as

Cerebrospinal FluidNervous System DiseasesT-LymphocytesAdultAgedCohort StudiesFemaleFlow CytometryHumansMachine LearningMaleMiddle AgedYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID39665159
PMCPMC11889529

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.