Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39665141›Full record

ArticleArteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology2025

Sex Differences in Cardiovascular-Kidney-Metabolic Syndrome: 30-Year US Trends and Mortality Risks-Brief Report.

Hongwei Ji, Charumathi Sabanayagam, Kunihiro Matsushita, Ching-Yu Cheng, Tyler Hyungtaek Rim, Bin Sheng, Huating Li, Yih-Chung Tham, Susan Cheng, Tien-Yin Wong

Erratum issuedAbstract readComparative Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Arteriosclerosis, thrombosis, and vascular biology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 54 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
54citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

54 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Review
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Review
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors.

Hongwei JiTsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (H.J., T.Y.W.).ORCID 0000-0003-3657-4666
Charumathi SabanayagamSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (C.S., C.Y.C., T.H.R., Y.C.T., T.Y.W.).ORCID 0000-0002-4042-4719
Kunihiro MatsushitaDepartment of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD (K.M.).ORCID 0000-0002-7179-718X
Ching-Yu ChengSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (C.S., C.Y.C., T.H.R., Y.C.T., T.Y.W.).ORCID 0009-0004-6897-7093
Tyler Hyungtaek RimSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (C.S., C.Y.C., T.H.R., Y.C.T., T.Y.W.).ORCID 0000-0001-6465-2620
Bin ShengDepartment of Computer Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China (B.S.).ORCID 0000-0001-8678-2784
Huating LiDepartment of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Shanghai Diabetes Institute, Shanghai Clinical Center for Diabetes, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Diabetes Mellitus, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, China (H.L.).ORCID 0000-0003-0526-5545
Yih-Chung ThamSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Center (C.S., C.Y.C., T.H.R., Y.C.T., T.Y.W.).ORCID 0000-0002-6752-797X
Susan ChengDepartment of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA (S.C.).ORCID 0000-0002-4977-036X
Tien-Yin WongTsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China (H.J., T.Y.W.).ORCID 0000-0002-8448-1264

Funding

The Microvascular Aging and Eicosanoids - Women's Evaluation of Systemic Aging Tenacity (MAE-WEST) ("You are never too old to become younger!") Specialized Center for Research Excellence (SCORE)U54AG065141 · NIA · CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER · PI CHENG, SUSAN · 2020 to 2024
$8.7M
Eicosanoids, Chronic Kidney Disease Progression, and Associated Cardiovascular RiskR01DK141162 · NIDDK · CEDARS-SINAI MEDICAL CENTER · PI Susan Cheng · 2024 to 2026
$3.6M
NIA NIH HHS U54 AG065141NIDDK NIH HHS R01 DK141162
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe American Heart Association recently published guidelines on how to clinically identify and categorize individuals with cardiovascular-kidney-metabolic (CKM) syndrome. The extent to which CKM syndrome prevalence and prognosis differ by sex remains unknown. This study aimed to examine the impact of sex on trends in prevalence over 30 years and the long-term prognosis of CKM syndrome in the United States.

methodsWe analyzed nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1988 to 2018 data collected from 33 868 US adults (aged ≥20 years) who were under surveillance for all-cause mortality through December 31, 2019. We examined the sex-specific prevalence of CKM syndrome and sex-specific CKM associations with all-cause mortality.

resultsOf the 33 868 adults studied, the mean±SD age was 48.4±18.3 years with 52% women and 56% non-White. Overall prevalence of CKM syndrome increased steadily from 1988 to 2018 in both sexes, with a larger temporal rise in prevalent stage 3 CKM seen for men (from 18.9% to 22.4%) compared with women (from 13.9% to 15.2%). Over a median follow-up of 13.3 years, there were 8745 deaths. In the multivariable Cox regression analysis, worsening CKM severity was associated with all-cause mortality (

conclusionsWomen, compared with men, exhibited a lower prevalence of CKM stage 3 but experienced excess mortality risk across the spectrum of multisystem CKM dysfunction. These findings underscore the importance of identifying mechanisms underlying joint cardiovascular, kidney, and metabolic system pathophysiology to close a potentially widening sex disparities gap in multiorgan disease risk.

Indexed as

Cardio-Renal SyndromeMetabolic SyndromeNutrition SurveysAdultAgedCardiovascular DiseasesCause of DeathFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalencePrognosisRisk AssessmentRisk Factorscardiovascular diseaseskidney diseasesmetabolic diseasesobesitysex characteristics

Identifiers

PMID39665141
PMCPMC11729504

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.