ArticleFrontiers in medicine2024
Menopausal characteristics and hormone replacement therapy in relation to long-term risk of cholecystectomy in women.
Article in Frontiers in medicine, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Menopausal Hormone Therapy-Risks, Benefits and Emerging Options: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Non-hormone replacement therapy to overcome premature ovarian insufficiency: advances in natural products and stem cells targeting autophagy.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Background: Women are known to be at higher risk for gallbladder disease than men, suggesting a role of female hormones in the pathogenesis of gallbladder disease. This study aimed to assess menopausal characteristics, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and their joint effect on long-term risk of cholecystectomy in women. Methods: A total of 184,677 women were included from the UK Biobank. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to estimate the associations of menopausal characteristics and HRT with risk of cholecystectomy. The joint influence of HRT use and the status and type of menopause on incident cholecystectomy were further evaluated. Results: During a median of 12.7 years of follow-up, 4,991 incident cases of cholecystectomy were identified. Natural menopause, regardless of menopausal age, was not associated with risk of cholecystectomy, while surgical menopause at a young age was associated with a higher risk of cholecystectomy. Ever use of HRT was associated with a higher risk of cholecystectomy. In particular, women who were surgically-menopausal and started HRT before menopause had the highest risk for cholecystectomy (hazard ratio = 2.28; 95% confidence interval: 1.70-3.04), when compared with women who were naturally-menopausal and never used HRT. Conclusions: Early surgical menopause and ever use of HRT was independently associated with the risk of cholecystectomy.
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