ReviewBiomolecules & therapeutics2025
The Emerging Threat of Micro- and Nanoplastics on the Maturation and Activity of Immune Cells.
Review in Biomolecules & therapeutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Nanoplastics and Immune Disruption: A Systematic Review of Exposure Routes, Mechanisms, and Health Implications.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Possible Role of Gut Microbiota in Polypropylene Microplastics-Induced Immunity and Reproductive Dysfunction in Mice.Toxics · 2026Article
- Nanoplastics impair antitumor NK and CD8⁺ T cell cytotoxicity and antiviral B cell antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Health Risks of Prenatal and Early-Life Microplastics Exposure: A Comprehensive Review.Environment & health (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Review
- Micro- and Nanoplastics as Disruptors of Digestive and Hepatopancreatic Homeostasis: Insights into the Plastic-Gut-Liver Axis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Microplastic exposure and human health risks across the life cycle: a focus on reproduction, development, and aging.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Navigating the New Therapeutic Landscape: Innovative Strategies for Overcoming Resistance and Degeneration.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2026Article
- Pathways, Mechanisms, and Therapeutic Strategies of Neurotoxicity Induced by Micro- and Nanoplastics.Brain sciences · 2025Review
- Article
- Emerging and Promising Keywords in Biomolecules and Therapeutics for 21st Century Diseases.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
With the increasing use of plastics worldwide, the amount of plastic waste being discarded has also risen. This plastic waste undergoes physical and chemical processes, breaking down into smaller particles known as microplastics (MPs) or nanoplastics (NPs). Advances in technology have enhanced our ability to detect these smaller particles, and it has been confirmed that plastics can be found in marine organisms as well as within the human body. However, research on the effects of MPs or NPs on living organisms has only recently been started, and our understanding remains limited. Studies on the immunological impacts are still ongoing, revealing that MPs and NPs can differentially affect various immune cells based on the material, size, and shape of the plastic particles. In this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of MPs and NPs on the immune system. We will also explore the methods for plastic removal through physicochemical, microbial, or biological means.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.