Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39663678›Full record

ArticleEuropean journal of immunology2025

Dual Activation-Induced Marker Combinations Efficiently Identify and Discern Antigen-Specific and Bystander-Activated Human CD4

Maria Grazia Ceraolo, Maristella Leccese, Antonino Cassotta, Sara Triolo, Mauro Bombaci, Elena Coluccio, Daniele Prati, Riccardo Ungaro, Sergio Abrignani, Alessandra Bandera and 3 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in European journal of immunology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Article
  3. Advanced Identification of Trypanosoma cruzi-Specific CD4Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2026
    Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

13 authors.

Maria Grazia CeraoloINGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.
Maristella LecceseINGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.
Antonino CassottaInstitute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0001-8674-4294
Sara TrioloINGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.
Mauro BombaciINGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.
Elena ColuccioDepartment of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Daniele PratiDepartment of Transfusion Medicine and Hematology, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Riccardo UngaroInfectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Sergio AbrignaniINGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.
Alessandra BanderaInfectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
Federica SallustoInstitute for Research in Biomedicine, Università della Svizzera italiana, Bellinzona, Switzerland.ORCID 0000-0003-3750-2752
Antonio LanzavecchiaINGM, Istituto Nazionale Genetica Molecolare "Romeo ed Enrica Invernizzi", Milan, Italy.
Samuele NotarbartoloInfectious Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy.ORCID 0000-0001-5910-4910

Funding

Italian Ministry of Health RF GR-2021-12374097
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Identifying activated T lymphocytes and differentiating antigen-specific from bystander T cells is crucial for understanding adaptive immune responses. This study investigates the efficacy of activation-induced markers (AIMs) in distinguishing these cell populations. We measured the expression of commonly used AIMs (CD25, CD38, CD40L, CD69, CD137, HLA-DR, ICOS, and OX40) in an in vitro T-cell activation system and evaluated their sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value. We demonstrated that individual AIMs, while specific in detecting activated CD4

Indexed as

Bystander EffectCD4-Positive T-LymphocytesLymphocyte ActivationAntigens, CDBiomarkersHumansInducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator ProteinInterleukin-2 Receptor alpha SubunitAntigens, CDBiomarkersInducible T-Cell Co-Stimulator ProteinInterleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunitactivation‐induced markersantigen‐specific CD4+ T cellsbystander activationhuman T cellsT‐cell clones

Identifiers

PMID39663678
PMCPMC11830384

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.