SynthesisBMJ mental health2024
Elucidating the bidirectional association between autoimmune diseases and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in BMJ mental health, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Unraveling microbial signatures in the comorbidity of autoimmune diseases and depression.BMC microbiology · 2026Article
- Sigma-1R-CD36 axis in myeloid cells contributes to the alleviation of depression-like behaviors.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune programming of childhood trauma: comorbid mechanisms and developmental origins of depression and autoimmune diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- When eye disease affects the mind: Psychological burden and functioning in autoimmune ophthalmology.World journal of clinical cases · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms underlying psoriasis and depression: an integrated analysis using mendelian randomization, transcriptomics, and single-cell sequencing.Frontiers in molecular medicine · 2026Article
- The allostatic triage model of psychopathology (ATP Model): How reallocation of brain energetic resources under stress elicits psychiatric symptoms.Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews · 2025Review
- Systemic Inflammation at the Crossroad of Major Depressive Disorder and Comorbidities: A Narrative Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
questionCollective evidence for the bidirectional association between depression and autoimmune diseases (ADs) is scarce, especially for subgroups of patients with specific ADs. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine the incidence rates and relative risks (RRs) of depression among patients with ADs, and vice versa. STUDY SELECTION AND ANALYSIS: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Ovid, PsycNet and Cochrane were searched up to 10 September 2024. Cohort studies evaluating longitudinal risks between ADs and depression were included. Incidence rates and RRs of depression among patients with ADs and vice versa were pooled.
findingsThe analysis included 47 studies, involving over 40.77 million participants. The pooled incidence rate of depression among patients with ADs was 6.71% (95% CI 5.10% to 8.77%), with an RR of 1.85 (95% CI 1.57 to 2.19), higher in patients aged over 45 (2.30; 95% CI 1.62 to 3.26) and females (1.88; 95% CI 1.61 to 2.20). Conversely, the pooled incidence rate of ADs among depression was 0.54% (95% CI 0.24% to 1.19%), with an RR of 1.84 (95% CI 1.10 to 3.09). The incidence rate and RRs also varied across subgroups with the highest incidence rate in the musculoskeletal system and connective tissue (1.36; 95% CI 0.50 to 3.63) and RR in the genitourinary system (2.23; 95% CI 1.98 to 2.51).
conclusionsThis study identified a bidirectional association between depression and ADs, with higher RRs among patients aged over 45 and females. Especially higher risks were also found for specific types of ADs including endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases, genitourinary system, and skin and subcutaneous tissue. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER: CRD42024541053.
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