ArticleOphthalmology2025
Omega-3 Fatty Acids as Protective Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration: Prospective Cohort and Mendelian Randomization Analyses.
Article in Ophthalmology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
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Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of baseline brain care score with the incidence of age-related eye diseases.Eye (London, England) · 2026Article
- Dietary and Formulation Potential of Natural Oils and Fats in Ocular Health and Disease: Mechanisms, Evidence, and Future Directions.Nutrients · 2026Review
- Genome-wide association study identifies toll-like receptor four protein-mediated metabolic remodelling affecting gout pathogenesis.Journal of global health · 2026Observational
- Proteomic clocks combined with deep learning phenotypes track eye aging and diseases.NPJ digital medicine · 2026Article
- Relationship Between Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Glaucoma Risk in Patients With Dry Eye Disease: A Multinational Retrospective Cohort Study.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Observational
- Differential Effects of Retinal Fatty Acids Under Oxidative Stress Reveal DHA's Susceptibility to Ferroptosis and Polarity Disruption in iPSC Derived RPE Cells.Stem cell reviews and reports · 2026Article
- Associations Between Circulating Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids and Photoreceptor Measurement.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Genetic Evidence for Causal Effects of Blood Metabolites on Age-Related Macular Degeneration and its Subtypes.Translational vision science & technology · 2026Article
- Metabolic vulnerability index and MetaboHealth score as risk factors for age-related macular degeneration in a large-scale prospective cohort.Journal of translational medicine · 2026Article
- Serum total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol are associated with Parkinson's disease in East Asian populations: a bidirectional Mendelian randomization study with complementary animal observation.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2026Article
- The intersection of mitochondria, lipids, and ferroptosis: a new avenue for dry age-related macular degeneration.Apoptosis : an international journal on programmed cell death · 2025Review
- Mendelian Randomization in Eye Research: Powerful, but Prone to Misuse.Translational vision science & technology · 2025Article
- Preventive and Protective Effects of Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Boosters in Aging and Retinal Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Association of Plasma Omega-3 Fatty Acids With POAG.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Na-Cl Cotransporter (SLC12A3) Inhibition Exacerbates Age-Related Macular Degeneration Via the Nrf2/HO-1 Ferroptosis Pathway.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2025Article
- Omega 3 fatty acid docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) mitigates inflammatory responses in experimental sepsis.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- Integration of multi-omics data reveals dysregulated RNA methylation in retinal pigment epithelium drives age-related macular degeneration.International journal of ophthalmology · 2025Article
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10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeEpidemiologic studies and clinical trials have reported inconsistent findings regarding omega-3 fatty acids' protective role in age-related macular degeneration (AMD). We investigated their association in a prospective cohort and examined causality using Mendelian randomization (MR) analyses.
designProspective cohort study and 2-sample MR analyses.
participantsThe cohort included 258 350 AMD-free individuals of European descent from the UK Biobank. Mendelian randomization analyses used genome-wide association study data on plasma omega-3 and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) (UK Biobank, n = 115 006) and AMD (dry, wet, and any; FinnGen, n = 208 690-209 122).
methodsCox regression assessed the association between plasma omega-3 and DHA levels and AMD incidence, adjusting for systemic covariates and AMD polygenetic risk score (PRS). Interaction effects of AMD genetic risk (PRS, complement factor H and age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 genotypes), and plasma omega-3 and DHA levels were tested. For MR analyses, we used random-effect inverse-variance weighted model as primary, with 5 sensitivity models. Causality was considered significant if P < 0.05 in the primary model and at least 2 sensitivity models.
main outcome measuresRisk of AMD.
resultsOver 12.9 years, 5068 people (1.9%) demonstrated AMD. Higher plasma levels (in millimoles per liter) of omega-3 (hazard ratio [HR], 0.80; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.72-0.95; P = 0.006) and DHA (HR, 0.65; 95% CI, 0.44-0.96; P = 0.029) were associated with lower risk of receiving an AMD diagnosis. Mendelian randomization showed genetic predisposition to higher plasma omega-3 levels reduced the risk of dry AMD (odds ratio [OR], 0.83; 95% CI, 0.73-0.96; P = 0.010), wet AMD (OR, 0.76; 95% CI, 0.65-0.88; P < 0.001), and any AMD (OR, 0.82; 95% CI, 0.74-0.92; P < 0.001). Similar results were found for plasma DHA levels (wet AMD:OR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.65-0.96; P = 0.017; any AMD: OR, 0.84; 95% CI, 0.72-0.98; P = 0.030). No significant interaction was found between omega-3 and DHA levels and AMD genetic risk (all P > 0.05).
conclusionsBoth the prospective and MR analyses suggest omega-3 and DHA may protect against AMD, supporting the need for further clinical trials to test their effectiveness in AMD prevention and treatment. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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