ArticleThe Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology2024
Phytosulfokine downregulates defense-related WRKY transcription factors and attenuates pathogen-associated molecular pattern-triggered immunity.
Article in The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Regulatory Army of Plant Defense: Transcription Factors in the War for Plant Immunity.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Processing and release of endogenous immunogenic peptide signals.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026Review
- Characterization of phytosulfokine peptide family in cotton and its role in cold stress response.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Molecular Mechanism of ZjWRKY40-zju-miR157 Module Regulating Phytoplasma Tolerance in Jujube.Molecular plant pathology · 2026Article
- The impact of CsPSKs on plant immunity: insights from a genome-wide study of small peptides in Citrus sinensis.Functional & integrative genomics · 2026Article
- Advances in WRKY regulation of immune responses in medicinal plants.Frontiers in plant science · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Phytosulfokine (PSK) is a plant growth-promoting peptide hormone that is perceived by its cell surface receptors PSKR1 and PSKR2 in Arabidopsis. Plants lacking the PSK receptors show phenotypes consistent with PSK signaling repressing some plant defenses. To gain further insight into the PSK signaling mechanism, comprehensive transcriptional profiling of Arabidopsis treated with PSK was performed, and the effects of PSK treatment on plant defense readouts were monitored. Our study indicates that PSK's major effect is to downregulate defense-related genes; it has a more modest effect on the induction of growth-related genes. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) emerged as key regulators of PSK-responsive genes, sharing commonality with a pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP) responses, flagellin 22 (flg22), but exhibiting opposite regulatory directions. These PSK-induced transcriptional changes were accompanied by biochemical and physiological changes that reduced PAMP responses, notably mitogen-activated protein kinase (MPK) phosphorylation (previously implicated in WRKY activation) and the cell wall modification of callose deposition. Comparison with previous studies using other growth stimuli (the sulfated plant peptide containing sulfated tyrosine [PSY] and Pseudomonas simiae strain WCS417) also reveals WRKY TFs' overrepresentations in these pathways, suggesting a possible shared mechanism involving WRKY TFs for plant growth-defense trade-off.
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Registered trials
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