Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39661465›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2025

Associations of Cumulative Adulthood, Childhood and Lifelong Insulin With Adulthood Retinal Microvasculature.

Oskari Repo, Markus Juonala, Suvi P Rovio, Juha Mykkänen, Jaakko Nevalainen, Mika Kähönen, Terho Lehtimäki, Tomi P Laitinen, Jorma Viikari, Olli Raitakari and 2 more

Abstract readMulticenter Study
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
0citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

0 citing papers in PubMed.

No citing paper in PubMed yet.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Oskari RepoResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.ORCID 0000-0002-9005-7806
Markus JuonalaDepartment of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.ORCID 0000-0001-9498-364X
Suvi P RovioResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
Juha MykkänenResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
Jaakko NevalainenUnit of Health Sciences, Faculty of Social Sciences, Tampere University, 33520 Tampere, Finland.
Mika KähönenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33521 Tampere, Finland.
Terho LehtimäkiDepartment of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, and Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center-Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, 33521 Tampere, Finland.
Tomi P LaitinenDepartment of Clinical Physiology, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70029 Kuopio, Finland.
Jorma ViikariDepartment of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
Olli RaitakariResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.
Robyn TappMelbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
Katja PahkalaResearch Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland.

Funding

Academy of Finland 117797Academy of Finland 121584Academy of Finland 124282Academy of Finland 126925Academy of Finland 129378Academy of Finland 134309Academy of Finland 141071Academy of Finland 286284Academy of Finland 322098Academy of Finland 356405Cancer Foundation FinlandCompetitive State Research Financing of the Expert Responsibility area of Kuopio, Tampere and Turku University Hospitals X51001CVDLink 101137278Diabetes Research Foundation of Finnish Diabetes AssociationEmil Aaltonen FoundationEU Horizon 2020 755320EU Horizon 2020 848146European Research Council 742927Finnish Cultural FoundationFinnish Foundation for Cardiovascular ResearchFinnish Society of Clinical ChemistryJane and Aatos Erkko FoundationJuho Vainio FoundationPaavo Nurmi FoundationpBETTER4U_EU 101080117Signe and Ane Gyllenberg FoundationSigrid Juselius FoundationSocial Insurance Institution of FinlandTampere Tuberculosis FoundationTampere University Hospital Supporting FoundationYrjö Jahnsson Foundation
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

contextExogenous insulin is reported to have both vasodilatory and vasoconstrictive effects on microvasculature. Little is known about the associations of long-term endogenous insulin exposure with microvasculature.

objectiveTo test the hypothesis that long-term exposure to high insulin levels in childhood and adulthood is associated with adverse changes in retinal microvasculature in adulthood in a population without diabetes.

methodsWe analyzed data derived from the longitudinal Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns Study. The first cross-sectional study was conducted in 1980, and participants were followed for 31 years from childhood to adulthood with frequent follow-up visits. Fundus photos were taken in 2011, and microvascular outcome measures were derived in participants at the age of 34 to 49 years (n = 1684). After exclusion of individuals with diabetes or missing insulin measures, 1166 participants formed the population of the present study. Cumulative exposure as the area under the curve (AUC) for adulthood (10-year exposure between 2001 and 2011) and childhood (exposure between ages 6-18 years) insulin and other cardiovascular risk factors were determined. Additionally, adulthood and childhood cumulative AUCs were summarized to construct lifelong AUCs.

resultsHigher adulthood, childhood, and lifelong exposure for cumulative insulin was associated with decreased retinal arteriolar diameter when adjusted for age and sex and further for cumulative conventional cardiovascular risk factors.

conclusionCumulative childhood, adulthood, and lifelong insulin are associated with decreased retinal arteriolar diameter in adulthood in a population of participants without diabetes, independently of conventional cardiovascular risk factors.

Indexed as

InsulinMicrovesselsRetinal VesselsAdolescentAdultArea Under CurveCardiovascular DiseasesChildChild, PreschoolCross-Sectional StudiesFemaleFinlandFollow-Up StudiesFundus OculiHeart Disease Risk FactorsHumansInsulinarteriolesinsulinlifespanmicrovascular changesretina

Identifiers

PMID39661465
PMCPMC12342373

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.