Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39661312›Full record

ReviewDrug delivery and translational research2025

Long-acting parenteral formulations of hydrophilic drugs, proteins, and peptide therapeutics: mechanisms, challenges, and therapeutic benefits with a focus on technologies.

Deepa D Nakmode, Baljinder Singh, Sadikalmahdi Abdella, Yunmei Song, Sanjay Garg

Erratum issuedAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Drug delivery and translational research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Deepa D Nakmode *Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
Baljinder Singh *Centre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
Sadikalmahdi AbdellaCentre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
Yunmei SongCentre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia.
Sanjay GargCentre for Pharmaceutical Innovation, University of South Australia, North Terrace, Adelaide, SA, 5000, Australia. Sanjay.Garg@unisa.edu.au.ORCID 0000-0001-7253-2629

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Despite being the most widely prescribed formulation, oral formulations possess several limitations such as low adherence, low bioavailability, high toxicity (in the case of anticancer drugs), and multiple-time administration requirements. All these limitations can be overcome by long-acting injectables. Improved adherence, patient compliance, and reduced relapse have been observed with long-acting formulation which has increased the demand for long-acting injectables. Drugs or peptide molecules with oral bioavailability issues can be easily delivered by long-acting systems. This review comprehensively addresses the various technologies used to develop long-acting injections with a particular focus on hydrophilic drugs and large molecules as well as the factors affecting the choice of formulation strategy. This is the first review that discusses the possible technologies that can be used for developing long-acting formulations for hydrophilic molecules along with factors which will affect the choice of the technology. Furthermore, the mechanism of drug release as well as summaries of marketed formulations will be presented. This review also discusses the challenges associated with the manufacturing and scale-up of the long-acting injectables.

Indexed as

Delayed-Action PreparationsPeptidesProteinsAnimalsBiological AvailabilityDrug CompoundingDrug LiberationHumansHydrophobic and Hydrophilic InteractionsDelayed-Action PreparationsPeptidesProteinsHydrophilicInjectableLong-actingPeptidesSmall moleculesSustained release

Identifiers

PMID39661312
PMCPMC11870889

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.